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#1
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
Last night I was at a local tavern when the power went out in a large
section of town. This was probably due to a storm outdoors. The power was only out for about 2 minutes. When it came back on, one wall containing several neon beer signs, a jukebox, and 4 video games did not come back on, while the rest of the building was fine. The bartender found that the breaker for that one wall had tripped, and had to reset it. Once reset, everything was fine. I dont understand why a power outage would cause that breaker to trip???? My only thought is that this circuit is drawing near it's maximum amperage capacity for that breaker, and the surge of all those devices caused it to trip. Yet, if this is the case, why did it not trip when it was reset? The surge would be the same..... However, I got to thinking that when the whole section of town was turned back on, that the voltage would be low for a few seconds due to all the loads, and the lower voltage to those devices would cause then to attempt to compensate by drawing more amps...... Then the thought would be whether it's the electronics in the jukebox and video games, or the high voltage transformers on the neon signs that would draw the excess current? Does this make sense? Anyone have any thoughts on this? Thanks |
#2
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
wrote in message ... Last night I was at a local tavern when the power went out in a large section of town. This was probably due to a storm outdoors. The power was only out for about 2 minutes. When it came back on, one wall containing several neon beer signs, a jukebox, and 4 video games did not come back on, while the rest of the building was fine. The bartender found that the breaker for that one wall had tripped, and had to reset it. Once reset, everything was fine. I dont understand why a power outage would cause that breaker to trip???? My only thought is that this circuit is drawing near it's maximum amperage capacity for that breaker, and the surge of all those devices caused it to trip. Yet, if this is the case, why did it not trip when it was reset? The surge would be the same..... However, I got to thinking that when the whole section of town was turned back on, that the voltage would be low for a few seconds due to all the loads, and the lower voltage to those devices would cause then to attempt to compensate by drawing more amps...... Then the thought would be whether it's the electronics in the jukebox and video games, or the high voltage transformers on the neon signs that would draw the excess current? Does this make sense? Anyone have any thoughts on this? Thanks Your thinking sounds right, but breakers respond in milliseconds so lots of things could have been happening on a one-time basis when the power came back on. It would be interesting to know what the average load is on that breaker. Tomsic |
#3
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sun, 6 May 2012 20:06:29 -0400, "Tomsic" wrote:
Anyone have any thoughts on this? Thanks Your thinking sounds right, but breakers respond in milliseconds so lots of things could have been happening on a one-time basis when the power came back on. It would be interesting to know what the average load is on that breaker. Tomsic I may find out what the load is on that breaker one of these days. I'm friends with the owner and I might just take my amp meter over there when they are not busy and do some tests. I kind of think that breaker is overloaded. It's an old building and these days the taverns keep getting more and more electronic gadgets, plugged into old wiring. Video games and a jukebox should not use more power than a computer or stereo, but when you add them all up, it could be at it's limit, along with the neon signs. I'm not sure what a neon sign uses for power? I'd not think much, but I could be wrong. If that's a 15A breaker, it might be at it's limit. I was planning to check out one of their florescent lights anyhow, since it keeps going on an off. Probably just needs new bulbs. I may as well check both things at once. The owner is struggling to keep the place open because of lacking funds, and cant afford to call an electrician for every little thing, so I'm happy to help. Its a small business run by good people...... |
#4
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
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#5
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
"Tomsic" wrote in message ... Your thinking sounds right, but breakers respond in milliseconds so lots of things could have been happening on a one-time basis when the power came back on. It would be interesting to know what the average load is on that breaker. Tomsic Breakers do not always respond in milliseconds. Most common ones work by heat. The more current that is passed through them, the faster they will trip. If several electrronic devices or motors try to start back up at the same time, the breaker could be overloaded. If they are powered up one at a time,the breaker may not trip. Many devices require more current to start than they do a few seconds or so after they are startred. |
#6
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
"Duesenberg" wrote in message ... Neon signs use transformers do they not? Don't many use 12 volts? Maybe unbalanced current in a couple of these transformers can trip the breaker when they are fired on all at once. just a humble guess I do not know about the newer ones, but the old type use a transformer that puts out around 10,000 volts. |
#7
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/6/2012 8:59 PM, Ralph Mowery wrote:
wrote in message ... Your thinking sounds right, but breakers respond in milliseconds so lots of things could have been happening on a one-time basis when the power came back on. It would be interesting to know what the average load is on that breaker. Tomsic Breakers do not always respond in milliseconds. Most common ones work by heat. The more current that is passed through them, the faster they will trip. If several electrronic devices or motors try to start back up at the same time, the breaker could be overloaded. If they are powered up one at a time,the breaker may not trip. Many devices require more current to start than they do a few seconds or so after they are startred. Neon lights would be like that too. They would need more current to intialilly come on than to stay on. |
#8
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/6/2012 9:00 PM, Ralph Mowery wrote:
wrote in message ... Neon signs use transformers do they not? Don't many use 12 volts? Maybe unbalanced current in a couple of these transformers can trip the breaker when they are fired on all at once. just a humble guess I do not know about the newer ones, but the old type use a transformer that puts out around 10,000 volts. you might be right on the voltage. I was thinking of newer stle LED lights made to look like neon. I've looked at the labels on those, but not real neon lights... However my guess that the transformers are failing stands. Would explain the flickering. |
#9
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/6/2012 7:55 PM, Duesenberg wrote:
On 5/6/2012 8:39 PM, wrote: .... with the neon signs. I'm not sure what a neon sign uses for power? I'd not think much, but I could be wrong. If that's a 15A breaker, it might be at it's limit. .... Neon signs use transformers do they not? Don't many use 12 volts? Maybe unbalanced current in a couple of these transformers can trip the breaker when they are fired on all at once. just a humble guess I think most bar signs and such are designed for 120V AC plug ins but that's a guess; I never investigated. If they're old as sounds like might be from the description of the locale, the inrush current could be significant just like an electric motor as compared to operating current. Supply voltages of 15 kV or thereabouts at mA currents. Roughly 200 W/50 running-ft of tube. Small window signs thus aren't much individually. -- |
#10
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
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#11
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sun, 6 May 2012 21:00:25 -0400, "Ralph Mowery"
wrote: "Duesenberg" wrote in message ... Neon signs use transformers do they not? Don't many use 12 volts? Maybe unbalanced current in a couple of these transformers can trip the breaker when they are fired on all at once. just a humble guess I do not know about the newer ones, but the old type use a transformer that puts out around 10,000 volts. You're correct. They put out high voltages, higher than the spark plugs in a car. I have one of the transformers and it was fun the day I got it to see how long of an arc it would throw. An inch was normal. I actually think the older ones put out even higher voltages. probably around 15kv. I know I would not want to touch it..... My livestock fences operate at 2000 to 5000kv and I know what that feels like!!! |
#12
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sun, 06 May 2012 21:06:59 -0400, Duesenberg wrote:
On 5/6/2012 9:00 PM, Ralph Mowery wrote: wrote in message ... Neon signs use transformers do they not? Don't many use 12 volts? Maybe unbalanced current in a couple of these transformers can trip the breaker when they are fired on all at once. just a humble guess I do not know about the newer ones, but the old type use a transformer that puts out around 10,000 volts. you might be right on the voltage. I was thinking of newer stle LED lights made to look like neon. I've looked at the labels on those, but not real neon lights... LED signs are a whole different matter. They are NOT neon signs. These are the REAL neon signs. LED would draw little current. However my guess that the transformers are failing stands. Would explain the flickering. Who said anything about flickering neon signs? I didn't!!!! I said there is a florescent ceiling light that is going on an off, and it's not on this same circuit, so it has nothing to do with this problem. I just intend to change the bulbs or ballast (whatever it needs). |
#13
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sun, 6 May 2012 20:59:04 -0400, "Ralph Mowery"
wrote: "Tomsic" wrote in message ... Your thinking sounds right, but breakers respond in milliseconds so lots of things could have been happening on a one-time basis when the power came back on. It would be interesting to know what the average load is on that breaker. Tomsic Breakers do not always respond in milliseconds. Most common ones work by heat. The more current that is passed through them, the faster they will trip. If several electrronic devices or motors try to start back up at the same time, the breaker could be overloaded. If they are powered up one at a time,the breaker may not trip. Many devices require more current to start than they do a few seconds or so after they are startred. I intend to check that breaker for warmth. The bar owner has to go around every day and push a switch on every video game, and the jukebox, plus plug in each neon sign. Then do the whole thing in reverse at closing time. I once asked why they dont just shut off the breaker. The answer is that the 20(something) year old girls that often open in the afternoon would not know what to do. Seems kind of silly to me, but it works for them. There are 4 games, jukebox, and 3 signs on that circuit. My guess is 5 more signs, 4 more games, the lights above the 2 pool tables, the outdoor sign switch, and 3 strings of mini-lights above the bar to plug in. Add in the bathroom lights, the 2 tv sets and they have 27 things to turn on or plug in..... Kind of silly when a few breakers would do the whole thing, but that would probably require a costly rewiring job. |
#14
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
wrote:
Last night I was at a local tavern when the power went out in a large section of town. This was probably due to a storm outdoors. The power was only out for about 2 minutes. When it came back on, one wall containing several neon beer signs, a jukebox, and 4 video games did not come back on, while the rest of the building was fine. The bartender found that the breaker for that one wall had tripped, and had to reset it. Once reset, everything was fine. I dont understand why a power outage would cause that breaker to trip???? My only thought is that this circuit is drawing near it's maximum amperage capacity for that breaker, and the surge of all those devices caused it to trip. Yet, if this is the case, why did it not trip when it was reset? The surge would be the same..... However, I got to thinking that when the whole section of town was turned back on, that the voltage would be low for a few seconds due to all the loads, and the lower voltage to those devices would cause then to attempt to compensate by drawing more amps...... Then the thought would be whether it's the electronics in the jukebox and video games, or the high voltage transformers on the neon signs that would draw the excess current? Does this make sense? Anyone have any thoughts on this? Thanks I guess it all came on the same time after failure. That might rule out that possibility. I have turned certain transformers on, and depending on what part of the ac cycle, blew fuses. Some things are going to draw more current at lower initial turn on too. Greg |
#15
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
wrote in message ... On Sun, 6 May 2012 20:59:04 -0400, "Ralph Mowery" wrote: I intend to check that breaker for warmth. The bar owner has to go around every day and push a switch on every video game, and the jukebox, plus plug in each neon sign. Then do the whole thing in reverse at closing time. I once asked why they dont just shut off the breaker. The answer is that the 20(something) year old girls that often open in the afternoon would not know what to do. Seems kind of silly to me, but it works for them. There are 4 games, jukebox, and 3 signs on that circuit. My guess is 5 more signs, 4 more games, the lights above the 2 pool tables, the outdoor sign switch, and 3 strings of mini-lights above the bar to plug in. Add in the bathroom lights, the 2 tv sets and they have 27 things to turn on or plug in..... Kind of silly when a few breakers would do the whole thing, but that would probably require a costly rewiring job. Many common breakers are just that. Over current devices. They are not made to be used as switches and cut off and on every day. There are some made that can be used for switches. |
#16
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Mon, 7 May 2012 02:31:32 +0000 (UTC), gregz
wrote: I guess it all came on the same time after failure. That might rule out that possibility. I have turned certain transformers on, and depending on what part of the ac cycle, blew fuses. Some things are going to draw more current at lower initial turn on too. Greg I know that CRT computer monitors and crt tv sets always draw a lot of power upon starting. When I had them, I could see a surge on the room lights, particularly when a dimmer was installed. One of the games still is a CRT type. I was there tonite again, and talked to the owner about it. I also noticed that I mis-counted. There are actually 6 games, a jukebox, 3 signs a clock, and an ATM machine all on that circuit. I also found out that the day they opened the bar some years ago, they had a power failure. An electrician came and found almost every outlet, except the ones behind the bar on the same circuit. He split it into 4 breakers. One for each wall. But he said that back then they only had 2 or 3 video games and a jukebox in the whole place. The company the furnishes the games keeps bringing in more and more stuff. He said the revenue from these games is small, but it all helps pay the bills. But he also said the electric bill is much higher than it used to be. Kind of makes me wonder if it's worth having all those games.... I seldom see them being used..... |
#17
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
Who said anything about flickering neon signs? I didn't!!!! Understood. Was not reading your post carefully, my apologies. |
#18
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sunday, May 6, 2012 4:01:49 PM UTC-5, (unknown) wrote:
This was probably due to a storm outdoors. This is usually the case for storms...being outdoors! *L* |
#19
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
You never had one of these?
http://static7.depositphotos.com/101...-Snow-Dome.jpg http://www.promo-wholesale.com/Upfil...0090827546.jpg Being Mormon, and reader of Gary Larson's far side. I'd sure like a Donner Party snow dome, some time. Appeals to my sick and twisted side. Christopher A. Young Learn more about Jesus www.lds.org .. "Bob_Villa" wrote in message news:15588560.344.1336391583719.JavaMail.geo-discussion-forums@ynmc31... On Sunday, May 6, 2012 4:01:49 PM UTC-5, (unknown) wrote: This was probably due to a storm outdoors. This is usually the case for storms...being outdoors! *L* |
#20
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
take a clamp on ampmeter, they work well, and are now cheap to buy and
easy to use |
#21
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Monday, May 7, 2012 7:35:15 AM UTC-5, Stormin Mormon wrote:
Appeals to my sick and twisted side. Christopher A. Young Learn more about Jesus www.lds.org . Can't argue. |
#22
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
Nothing like Donner Party snow domes, to keep a fat old man giggling.
Christopher A. Young Learn more about Jesus www.lds.org .. "Bob_Villa" wrote in message news:2793218.1416.1336396423670.JavaMail.geo-discussion-forums@yngt8... On Monday, May 7, 2012 7:35:15 AM UTC-5, Stormin Mormon wrote: Appeals to my sick and twisted side. Christopher A. Young Learn more about Jesus www.lds.org . Can't argue. |
#23
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sunday, May 6, 2012 5:01:49 PM UTC-4, (unknown) wrote:
Last night I was at a local tavern when the power went out in a large section of town. This was probably due to a storm outdoors. The power was only out for about 2 minutes. When it came back on, one wall containing several neon beer signs, a jukebox, and 4 video games did not come back on, while the rest of the building was fine. The bartender found that the breaker for that one wall had tripped, and had to reset it. Once reset, everything was fine. I dont understand why a power outage would cause that breaker to trip???? My only thought is that this circuit is drawing near it's maximum amperage capacity for that breaker, and the surge of all those devices caused it to trip. Yet, if this is the case, why did it not trip when it was reset? The surge would be the same..... However, I got to thinking that when the whole section of town was turned back on, that the voltage would be low for a few seconds due to all the loads, and the lower voltage to those devices would cause then to attempt to compensate by drawing more amps...... Then the thought would be whether it's the electronics in the jukebox and video games, or the high voltage transformers on the neon signs that would draw the excess current? Does this make sense? Anyone have any thoughts on this? Thanks maybe just replace the breaker. breaker age/fatigue could have it tripping at say 12 amps instead of 15. use a "kill a watt" meter at any outlet. electricians use a clamp on ammeter at the panel. test each device to match their wattage plates. you can call the power company on a slow day to check their power lines to the building meter for any damage. you can request a replacement power meter from the company. |
#24
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On May 6, 7:26*pm, wrote:
SNIP I intend to check that breaker for warmth. The bar owner has to go around every day and push a switch on every video game, and the jukebox, plus plug in each neon sign. *Then do the whole thing in reverse at closing time. *I once asked why they dont just shut off the breaker. *The answer is that the 20(something) year old girls that often open in the afternoon would not know what to do. *Seems kind of silly to me, but it works for them. *There are 4 games, jukebox, and 3 signs on that circuit. *My guess is 5 more signs, 4 more games, the lights above the 2 pool tables, the outdoor sign switch, and 3 strings of mini-lights above the bar to plug in. *Add in the bathroom lights, the 2 tv sets and they have 27 things to turn on or plug in..... Kind of silly when a few breakers would do the whole thing, but that would probably require a costly rewiring job. If using the breaker as a switch is ok wrt what gets turned off, a simple solution would be to wire a switch into the circuit as it leaves the panel. This could be worked into the circuit quite easily. If all the units are on a single breaker....simple enough. btw here is a link to QO trip curve http://static.schneider-electric.us/...kers/730-3.pdf Inrush current (the best results of my internet search) for neon lights is about 3 to 5x higher than "running current". Current of 5x rated breaker current will trip a QO in .6 secs. Sounds like the inrush to the neons could have tripped the breaker. cheers Bob |
#25
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Mon, 7 May 2012 21:49:40 -0700 (PDT), DD_BobK
wrote: If using the breaker as a switch is ok wrt what gets turned off, a simple solution would be to wire a switch into the circuit as it leaves the panel. This could be worked into the circuit quite easily. If all the units are on a single breaker....simple enough. btw here is a link to QO trip curve http://static.schneider-electric.us/...ature%20Circui t%20Breakers/QO-QOB%20Circuit%20Breakers/730-3.pdf Inrush current (the best results of my internet search) for neon lights is about 3 to 5x higher than "running current". Current of 5x rated breaker current will trip a QO in .6 secs. Sounds like the inrush to the neons could have tripped the breaker. cheers Bob Interesting!!!!! Those are some hefty transformers on the neons, at least those old ones were. As far as using breakers as switches, I used to work for a company that did maintenance for industrial buildings. One of them was a church, and they used the breaker panel for turning off all the church lights every day. In fact they taped the breakers that were not meant to be turned off (such as the ones to the offices, and ones that had computers or the furnace or AC). I thought that taping them would defeat their ability to trip as needed. The thing is that the church actually had light switches, but they were scattered all over the place, so it was easier to just flip about 8 breakers to turn everything off. |
#26
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
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#27
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
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#28
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Sunday, May 6, 2012 5:01:49 PM UTC-4, (unknown) wrote:
Last night I was at a local tavern when the power went out in a large section of town. This was probably due to a storm outdoors. The power was only out for about 2 minutes. When it came back on, one wall containing several neon beer signs, a jukebox, and 4 video games did not come back on, while the rest of the building was fine. The bartender found that the breaker for that one wall had tripped, and had to reset it. Once reset, everything was fine. I dont understand why a power outage would cause that breaker to trip???? My only thought is that this circuit is drawing near it's maximum amperage capacity for that breaker, and the surge of all those devices caused it to trip. Yet, if this is the case, why did it not trip when it was reset? The surge would be the same..... However, I got to thinking that when the whole section of town was turned back on, that the voltage would be low for a few seconds due to all the loads, and the lower voltage to those devices would cause then to attempt to compensate by drawing more amps...... Then the thought would be whether it's the electronics in the jukebox and video games, or the high voltage transformers on the neon signs that would draw the excess current? Does this make sense? Anyone have any thoughts on this? Thanks Back in the late 70s I worked in a game arcade. I opened the business about 4 PM and closed it around 11 PM . The owner had told me to shut down each machine individually and dont use the breaker. I didn't listen to him and started just shutting off the breakers(2 of them) and this worked for a while then one breaker would pop once in a while but come back up if I reset it. I figure still no big deal and kept on doing it until a couple of weeks later it didn't reset and had to be replaced. Owner was not happy with me. Also would just about be willing to bet money the breaker is 15A. The circuit was probably never intended to have something plugged into every outlet and have them all come on at once. |
#30
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Tue, 08 May 2012 18:00:14 -0500, Steve Barker
wrote: On 5/8/2012 12:37 PM, wrote: On Mon, 7 May 2012 21:49:40 -0700 (PDT), wrote: If using the breaker as a switch is ok wrt what gets turned off, a simple solution would be to wire a switch into the circuit as it leaves the panel. This could be worked into the circuit quite easily. If all the units are on a single breaker....simple enough. btw here is a link to QO trip curve http://static.schneider-electric.us/...ature%20Circui t%20Breakers/QO-QOB%20Circuit%20Breakers/730-3.pdf Inrush current (the best results of my internet search) for neon lights is about 3 to 5x higher than "running current". Current of 5x rated breaker current will trip a QO in .6 secs. Sounds like the inrush to the neons could have tripped the breaker. cheers Bob Interesting!!!!! Those are some hefty transformers on the neons, at least those old ones were. As far as using breakers as switches, I used to work for a company that did maintenance for industrial buildings. One of them was a church, and they used the breaker panel for turning off all the church lights every day. In fact they taped the breakers that were not meant to be turned off (such as the ones to the offices, and ones that had computers or the furnace or AC). I thought that taping them would defeat their ability to trip as needed. The thing is that the church actually had light switches, but they were scattered all over the place, so it was easier to just flip about 8 breakers to turn everything off. The breakers should be rated to be used as a switch, though. https://www.google.com/search?q=swit...iw=931&bih=525 |
#31
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/8/2012 6:09 PM, Metspitzer wrote:
.... The breakers should be rated to be used as a switch, though. https://www.google.com/search?q=switching%20duty&ie=... AFAIK (and the Cutler-Hammer brochure I downloaded from the above link indicates also) that this UL reqm't only applies to fluorescent lighting loadings??? For commercial buildings like retail or office space, I'm sure they are. I've never bothered to check whether the breakers at the church are rated or not; the frequency of times they get switched is so low and the loadings are limited that I've never worried about it. This panel was installed in the mid-60s in a wiring upgrade to the original (1920s) building in conjunction w/ an expansion project. AFAIK there's never been a breaker failure in the 50 years since. -- |
#32
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/8/2012 12:49 PM, dpb wrote:
On 5/8/2012 12:37 PM, wrote: .... ... One of them was a church, and they used the breaker panel for turning off all the church lights every day. ... Other than your count is about six low, you must have been here. .... In this panel, however, for most circuits there are no switches. A couple of circuits that service entry stairwells, hallways, etc., are switched (and stay on) but the sanctuary lighting and all are not. As are many commercial building main lighting circuits; there are some switched for ingress/egress purposes but often the bulk is controlled from the panel. -- |
#33
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On Tue, 08 May 2012 19:22:15 -0500, dpb wrote:
On 5/8/2012 6:09 PM, Metspitzer wrote: ... The breakers should be rated to be used as a switch, though. https://www.google.com/search?q=switching%20duty&ie=... AFAIK (and the Cutler-Hammer brochure I downloaded from the above link indicates also) that this UL reqm't only applies to fluorescent lighting loadings??? For commercial buildings like retail or office space, I'm sure they are. I've never bothered to check whether the breakers at the church are rated or not; the frequency of times they get switched is so low and the loadings are limited that I've never worried about it. This panel was installed in the mid-60s in a wiring upgrade to the original (1920s) building in conjunction w/ an expansion project. AFAIK there's never been a breaker failure in the 50 years since. That speaks for itself. I have never bought a swd breaker either, but I would have expected them to last longer if you are using them as switches. |
#34
Posted to alt.home.repair
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/8/2012 9:58 PM, Metspitzer wrote:
.... I have never bought a swd breaker either, but I would have expected them to last longer if you are using them as switches. I strongly suspect that is mostly related to how heavy the switching cycle is as well as the switching load. There's two effects; the mechanical mechanism and the possible arc/pitting of the actual contacts afaict. Higher amps are obviously worse for the one; the mechanics of the switch itself are the other and one presumes probably there's some difference there in one intended for specific use as switch as compared to "just" a breaker. But, my sense is that for small loads and reasonable use the likelihood is that the normal user wouldn't ever notice any difference at all. -- |
#35
Posted to alt.home.repair
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Why did the breaker trip after a power outage?
On 5/9/2012 9:58 AM, bud-- wrote:
.... I have no idea how "HACR" breakers are different. A garden variety 20A SquareD breaker I looked at is marked "SWD" and "HACR". Since I'd expect there to be very few if any of those for only 15/20A rating, better arc suppression/contact materials would be my guess as the primary difference. I'm not surprised; at such low currents and voltage arcing is pretty minimal w/o anything very special at all; the UL testing simply confirms the device is functional for the purpose specifically and gives a category for even less expensive if a manufacturer so chooses. -- |
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