I'm installing a new subpanel for the new garage/shop. I decided to
run a ground wire this time instead of trying to ground through the
conduit. The subpanel has a bus bar for ground, but I'm not sure where
to attach the ground wire in the main panel.

In the main panel, there are two neutral bus bars running down each
side of the box. There's the two black mains lines comming in the top,
looks like 1/0 gauge or something. There's also an equally big 200amp
wire comming into the right neutral bus bar. It's black but with white
tape to indicate that it's neutral. The two bus bars are bonded
together at the bottom with a bar. At the top of the left bus bar,
there's a smaller wire comming out and leaving. It's black with no
tape. It looks like #4 to me. It's definitly smaller than the mains
wires.

Is this smaller wire going to the grounding rod outside (or water pipe
or whatever)? Should I attach the green ground wire from the subpanel
to this? It's just the neutral, same as the white wire. Should I just
attach the green ground wire to the main breaker box metal instead?
Where should I attach it?

brian

"brianlanning" wrote in message
oups.com...
I'm installing a new subpanel for the new garage/shop. I decided to
run a ground wire this time instead of trying to ground through the
conduit. The subpanel has a bus bar for ground, but I'm not sure where
to attach the ground wire in the main panel.

In the main panel, there are two neutral bus bars running down each
side of the box. There's the two black mains lines comming in the top,
looks like 1/0 gauge or something. There's also an equally big 200amp
wire comming into the right neutral bus bar. It's black but with white
tape to indicate that it's neutral. The two bus bars are bonded
together at the bottom with a bar. At the top of the left bus bar,
there's a smaller wire comming out and leaving. It's black with no
tape. It looks like #4 to me. It's definitly smaller than the mains
wires.

Is this smaller wire going to the grounding rod outside (or water pipe
or whatever)? Should I attach the green ground wire from the subpanel
to this? It's just the neutral, same as the white wire. Should I just
attach the green ground wire to the main breaker box metal instead?
Where should I attach it?

brian

I just went through this exact situation. Mind you, what I'm about to tell
you is what is (apparently) code for my locality. YMMV. My panel was
approved by the electrical inspector last week.

In the main panel, the ground and neutral bus will eventually be bonded
together. From my main panel, there are four wires going out to the
subpanel: two hots, a neutral, and a ground. The ground wire is connected
to the main panel box with a ground lug. It attaches to a similar ground
lug attached to the case in the subpanel. The neutral should float in the
subpanel (i.e. the neutral and ground should not be bonded together in the
subpanel). In my case, because I have multiple circuits in my subpanel, I
was required to install a ground rod near the subpanel. The ground wire
connected to it is attached to a ground lug in the subpanel case. I've also
heard that if you have more than 6 circuits in the subpanel, that a main
disconnect is required per the current code.

todd

todd wrote:

I've also
heard that if you have more than 6 circuits in the subpanel, that a main
disconnect is required per the current code.


Absolutely, it is know as the "six hand" rule.

You must be able to disconnect all power with a maximum of six motions
of the hand at any location.

Lew

todd wrote:
The neutral should float in the
subpanel (i.e. the neutral and ground should not be bonded together in the
subpanel).

I don't see how this is really possible in my main breaker box.
There's no separate grounding bus bar. From what I was told on
woodnet, the ground and neutral bars are bonded together in the main
box, which matches what I saw. Based on that, I had planned to attach
the ground wire to the neutral bus bar, since it has a ground wire
attached to it in addition to the mains neutral. There might be a
green lug there somewhere, but I didn't see it. I need to look again.

It sounds to me like we're running into code differences between
different parts of the country.


I've also
heard that if you have more than 6 circuits in the subpanel, that a main
disconnect is required per the current code.

I have 5. One 20 amp 220 for machines, two 30 amp 220s for the
compressor and DC, 1 15amp 110 for the lighting, and 1 20 amp 110 for
bench top power tools.

brian

I got a bit lost in your detailed explanation but:

The bus bars are for the white neutral and for the bare ground wire. At
your sub panel you should have a full length grounding rod driven into the
ground and attach a wire from the rod to the sub panel box. This is to put
the box at earth potential (zero volts). (Do not attach the grounding rod
to the bus bars). If done as described it will satisfy codes and the
insurance company.

Don Dando


"brianlanning" wrote in message
oups.com...
I'm installing a new subpanel for the new garage/shop. I decided to
run a ground wire this time instead of trying to ground through the
conduit. The subpanel has a bus bar for ground, but I'm not sure where
to attach the ground wire in the main panel.

In the main panel, there are two neutral bus bars running down each
side of the box. There's the two black mains lines comming in the top,
looks like 1/0 gauge or something. There's also an equally big 200amp
wire comming into the right neutral bus bar. It's black but with white
tape to indicate that it's neutral. The two bus bars are bonded
together at the bottom with a bar. At the top of the left bus bar,
there's a smaller wire comming out and leaving. It's black with no
tape. It looks like #4 to me. It's definitly smaller than the mains
wires.

Is this smaller wire going to the grounding rod outside (or water pipe
or whatever)? Should I attach the green ground wire from the subpanel
to this? It's just the neutral, same as the white wire. Should I just
attach the green ground wire to the main breaker box metal instead?
Where should I attach it?

brian

Don Dando wrote:
I got a bit lost in your detailed explanation but:

The bus bars are for the white neutral and for the bare ground wire. At
your sub panel you should have a full length grounding rod driven into the
ground and attach a wire from the rod to the sub panel box. This is to put
the box at earth potential (zero volts). (Do not attach the grounding rod
to the bus bars). If done as described it will satisfy codes and the
insurance company.

What if this ground rod is already attached to the neutral bus bar? It
appears to be that way. And since it's new construction, it obviously
passed inspection. Some people have said that this is the correct way
to do things. Others have said that there should be a separate ground
bus.

brian

In article .com, "brianlanning" wrote:
Don Dando wrote:
I got a bit lost in your detailed explanation but:

The bus bars are for the white neutral and for the bare ground wire. At
your sub panel you should have a full length grounding rod driven into the
ground and attach a wire from the rod to the sub panel box. This is to put
the box at earth potential (zero volts). (Do not attach the grounding rod
to the bus bars). If done as described it will satisfy codes and the
insurance company.

What if this ground rod is already attached to the neutral bus bar? It
appears to be that way.

If you're talking about a subpanel, it must be attached to the *grounding* bus
bar, *not* the neutral bus bar. The neutral bus bar must be isolated from the
panel chassis *and* from the grounding bus bar.

And since it's new construction, it obviously passed inspection.

Again, if you're talking about a subpanel, "passed inspection" means that a
sloppy inspector missed a *clear* Code violation.

Some people have said that this is the correct way to do things.

They're mistaken.

Even in a main panel, it's better practice to connect the grounding rod to the
grounding bus bar (even though that bar is electrically continuous with the
neutral bus bar), if for no other reason than to avoid exacerbating the
confusion that many people already have between neutral and ground.

And in a subpanel, it's a Code violation.

Others have said that there should be a separate ground bus.

That isn't exactly correct either: in a subpanel, there *must* be a separate
ground bus. Not "should". Must.

In the service entrance panel, it doesn't matter electrically: the two are
bonded together anyway. In a subpanel, it matters very much. In any 120V
circuit, the neutral carries current. Cross-connecting the neutral and the
ground in a subpanel causes the grounding conductor in the cable feeding the
subpanel to become a second, parallel path for the neutral current returning
to the main panel -- and the metal chassis of any grounded appliance becomes
part of that parallel path. This creates a shock hazard for anyone touching
such a chassis. It is widely -- and *mistakenly* -- believed that electricity
always follows "the path of least resistance". This is NOT true. Electricity
always follows *all* *possible* paths. That's why this is a hazard _even_if_
there is a properly connected ground rod at the subpanel: *some* current will
return to the main through the grounding conductor anyway. How much of it does
depends on the resistance of the earth between the ground rod and the
subpanel. Depending on soil conditions, that could mean a few microamps, or
perhaps a few *amps*. And as little as ten milliamps can kill, under the right
(wrong?) conditions.

--
Regards,
Doug Miller (alphageek at milmac dot com)

It's time to throw all their damned tea in the harbor again.

Ground and Neutral must be connected together at one place and one place
only. The proper place to do this is in the main panel with a bonding screw
that goes through the neutral buss into a threaded hole in the metal panel
behind the neutral buss. This screw is green and is provided with the main
electrical panel when the panel is purchased. Ground and neutral must not
ever be connected together at any other place. The only exception to this is
when the panel is of older design and it doesn't have this grouund-neutral
bonding screw feature. Under these conditions the inspectors allow you to
use a # 6 bare or green jumper wire between the neutral buss and a good
solid ground termnal connection on the cabinet or the ground buss, but
again, it's only allowed to be at one point. Everywhere else ground and
neutral are to be considered as separate conductors. An additional ground
rod at a sub panel must connect to the sub panel ground and not to neutral.

--
Charley

"brianlanning" wrote in message
oups.com...
Don Dando wrote:
I got a bit lost in your detailed explanation but:

The bus bars are for the white neutral and for the bare ground wire. At
your sub panel you should have a full length grounding rod driven into
the
ground and attach a wire from the rod to the sub panel box. This is to
put
the box at earth potential (zero volts). (Do not attach the grounding
rod
to the bus bars). If done as described it will satisfy codes and the
insurance company.

What if this ground rod is already attached to the neutral bus bar? It
appears to be that way. And since it's new construction, it obviously
passed inspection. Some people have said that this is the correct way
to do things. Others have said that there should be a separate ground
bus.

brian

On Jan 23, 1:24 pm, (Doug Miller) wrote:
In article .com, "brianlanning" wrote:

And in a subpanel, it's a Code violation.

In the sub panel, they're separate. There are two neutral bars running
down each side, and a third grounding bar off to the left.

In the service entrance panel, it doesn't matter electrically: the two are
bonded together anyway.

This is what I saw.

In a subpanel, it matters very much. In any 120V
circuit, the neutral carries current. Cross-connecting the neutral and the
ground in a subpanel causes the grounding conductor in the cable feeding the
subpanel to become a second, parallel path for the neutral current returning
to the main panel -- and the metal chassis of any grounded appliance becomes
part of that parallel path. This creates a shock hazard for anyone touching
such a chassis. It is widely -- and *mistakenly* -- believed that electricity
always follows "the path of least resistance". This is NOT true. Electricity
always follows *all* *possible* paths. That's why this is a hazard _even_if_
there is a properly connected ground rod at the subpanel: *some* current will
return to the main through the grounding conductor anyway. How much of it does
depends on the resistance of the earth between the ground rod and the
subpanel. Depending on soil conditions, that could mean a few microamps, or
perhaps a few *amps*. And as little as ten milliamps can kill, under the right
(wrong?) conditions.

ok, let me repeat what you've said while applying it to my situation
and using your (correct) terminology.

I've run four wires from my subpanel to my service panel: two blacks, a
white, and a green. The white wire I attached to the neutral bus bar
on the right side of the service panel. The bar on the left side is
the ground bar (as opposed to the neutral bar). The white main wire
coming into the service panel connects to the neutral bar (on the
right), while a smaller #4 cable connects to the ground bar on the left
and goes to the grounding rod somewhere. The two bars (left and right)
are bonded together at the bottom of the service panel.

There are return neutral wires attached to the ground bar on the left
side of the panel, which is ok since it's bonded to the neutral bar on
the right.

Because they are bonded, I can attach the green ground wire returning
from my subpanel anywhere on the neutral or ground (right or left) bus
bar. This is also where the white neutral wire returning from the
subpanel is attached.

The green and white wires are separate in the sub panel.

Does all this sound right?

brian

On Jan 23, 1:32 pm, "Charley" wrote:
An additional ground
rod at a sub panel must connect to the sub panel ground and not to neutral.

I was under the impression that this wasn't required if the subpanel
was in the same building as the service panel. That is, a ground wire
can be run back to the service panel instead.

brian

In article .com, "brianlanning" wrote:

ok, let me repeat what you've said while applying it to my situation
and using your (correct) terminology.

I've run four wires from my subpanel to my service panel: two blacks, a
white, and a green. The white wire I attached to the neutral bus bar
on the right side of the service panel. The bar on the left side is
the ground bar (as opposed to the neutral bar). The white main wire
coming into the service panel connects to the neutral bar (on the
right), while a smaller #4 cable connects to the ground bar on the left
and goes to the grounding rod somewhere. The two bars (left and right)
are bonded together at the bottom of the service panel.

All sounds good.

There are return neutral wires attached to the ground bar on the left
side of the panel, which is ok since it's bonded to the neutral bar on
the right.

Electrically, this is fine. As I noted previously, it is IMO not best
practice, because it tends to obscure the fact that ground and neutral are not
the same thing. It's clear that you know the difference, though, so this is at
most a minor nit.

Because they are bonded, I can attach the green ground wire returning
from my subpanel anywhere on the neutral or ground (right or left) bus
bar. This is also where the white neutral wire returning from the
subpanel is attached.

Ditto.
The green and white wires are separate in the sub panel.

As they should be.

Does all this sound right?

Yes, exactly.

--
Regards,
Doug Miller (alphageek at milmac dot com)

It's time to throw all their damned tea in the harbor again.

In article .com, "brianlanning" wrote:
On Jan 23, 1:32 pm, "Charley" wrote:
An additional ground
rod at a sub panel must connect to the sub panel ground and not to neutral.

Whether this is correct or not depends on the author's intent. :-)

If the intended meaning is "Any additional ground rod which may happen to be
present at a subpanel must connect to the subpanel ground and not to neutral",
it's fine.

OTOH, if it's meant to suggest that a subpanel must use an additional ground
rod, it's incorrect.

I was under the impression that this wasn't required if the subpanel
was in the same building as the service panel. That is, a ground wire
can be run back to the service panel instead.

That's correct -- in fact, I think the Code may *prohibit* using a separate
ground rod if the panels are in the same building, but I'm not certain.

--
Regards,
Doug Miller (alphageek at milmac dot com)

It's time to throw all their damned tea in the harbor again.

On Jan 24, 6:43 am, (Doug Miller) wrote:
That's correct -- in fact, I think the Code may *prohibit* using a separate
ground rod if the panels are in the same building, but I'm not certain.

Thanks doug. This helps a lot.

brian