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Metalworking (rec.crafts.metalworking) Discuss various aspects of working with metal, such as machining, welding, metal joining, screwing, casting, hardening/tempering, blacksmithing/forging, spinning and hammer work, sheet metal work. |
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#81
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Sun, 09 Nov 2014 13:46:11 +0700, John B. Slocomb
wrote: On Sat, 08 Nov 2014 13:16:28 -0500, Ed Huntress wrote: On Sat, 08 Nov 2014 11:34:48 -0600, Richard wrote: On 11/7/2014 12:08 PM, Ian Malcolm wrote: wrote in news:Ydqdncz1e6oLZ8HJnZ2dnUU7- : Not at all. But you COULD say that gelcoat is nothing but laminating resin with WAX added... No. Commercial gelcoat does *NOT* contain wax as it would impair the bond to the laminating resin in the layup being applied to the gelcoat in the mold. Flocoat contains wax for a non-tacky surface cure. Some entry level gelcoat repair kits contain wax, but if you are serious, you either seal polythene sheet over the repair to exclude air or use wax in styrene additive. Ok, I guess I'll retract that. The stuff I use does have wax so that it is self sealing, but I take the point... The stuff you have likely is made for applying *after* a part is pulled from a mold, on the outside of the laminate.. You need the wax for that, or the surface could stay tacky forever. As Ian says, there are better ways to block the air from the gelcoat, but most external application is repair work, and, at Ranger, we added wax (or our repair specialist did) for making patches. Gelcoat sprayed in a mold, where it's covered with layers of glass and resin, doesn't need it -- and is much better off without it. The gelcoat-to-laminate bond is the most critical one, and needs the strongest bond. Since I have a few minutes g let me try to add to this discussion. Polyester resin is a very poor adhesive. If you lay one layer of cloth or woven roving (which is very coarse cloth) on top of another, the peel strength and shear strength are very poor. The same is true if you lay any fiberglass, including random-oriented mat, on top of already-sured resin or even gelled, but not cured resin. That's what happens when you lay the first layer of mat (or veil -- see below) on top of the gelcoat in a mold. It has to be firmly gelled before you do that or you'll poke through the gelcoat. And the result of letting the gelcoat partially gel before continuing the laminating is that you need all the help you can get to stick it to the next layer of laminate -- no wax, please. Now, about the interlayer strength of the laminate. Again, adhesive strength of polyester resin is very poor. Cloth-to-cloth layers often can be peeled apart by hand. The highest quality laminates, as in expensive racing dinghies, use a minimum of mat because mat layers are weak. But those boats, like all other expertly done polyester laminates, must use mat between layers of cloth. Or they use veil, also called "scrim," which is a very thin, semi-transparent layer of mat. You get the best strength-to-weight, and stiffness-to-weight, using veil and fairly light layers of cloth. (you can look up E-glass versus S-glass to get more detail on making the best polyester laminates.) When the resin, or the styrene monomer in the resin, dissolves the binder that holds dry mat together, the fibers get loose and tend to "cog" their way into the layers of cloth above and below as the layers are brushed out, and poked with the brush, or rolled out with a disk roller. This assumes that all layers are still wet. That's where the interlayer strength comes from. Polyester is a lousy adhesive but it has decent bulk strength, in a laminate, at least, and it holds those cogged pieces of mat into an interlocked mass with the cloth. (The cloth is inherently stronger because of the long-fiber orientation, not really because the fibers are just longer.) That overcomes the lack of peel strength and sheer strength in the resin. Unfortunately, you can't achieve the high glass-to-resin ratios with mat that you can with cloth, so the mat parts of a laminate are inherently weaker and a lot less flexible. Any boat that uses more than a minimum necessary amount of mat is less strong -- but cheaper to build. About wax: The best deal is to use resin without wax until you get to the last layer, the one that will be cured while exposed to air. But the wax dissolves in the resin, and, if you lay one layer of waxed resin on rop of another, most of the wax will dissolve again and rise to the top. How much, I don't know, but I know that many boats have been made with waxed resin in each layer of laminate, and I've never heard of it causing a delaminating problem by itself. Maybe it does; perhaps Ian knows. One final thing: None of this applies to epoxy laminates. Epoxy has such strong adhesive properties that you can laminate one layer of cloth on top of another. Epoxy laminates are a lot stronger to begin with. Avoiding the use of mat makes them even stronger. Watch out, though, that your glass cloth, or mat if you use any with epoxy, are made for use with epoxy. The finish on glass cloth made for polyester is actually weaker than a straight glass-to-epoxy bond. Don't use it. As for mat, the binder won't dissolve in epoxy. Try it, and you're likely to get a real mess. (this is the voice of sad experience -- before I learned about this). But you shouldn't be using mat with epoxy in the first place. Epoxy make a much stronger laminate without it. Phwew. g While you are accurate in saying that the binder used in common chopped mat is dissolved by styrene based resins and not by epoxy resins, common chopped mat can still be used with epoxy. If you are careful and completely wet out chopped mat with epoxy you can make a composite that is very satisfactory for most uses. The difference between water absorbency between epoxy and cloth and epoxy and chopped mat, for example, is about 0.4%. The WEST Systems people have done tests of epoxy and common chopped mate, see: http://www.westsystem.com/ss/chopped-strand-mat-epoxy/ and while they don't suggest it as a first choice they do say that it is usable. "Usable," as long as you don't try to drape it or bend it. That's where the problem comes in. You can't tuck it into a corner. You can'r get it to stick when you bend it over a curve. It keeps pulling away. because the binder won't dissolve and free the fibers. And that's the problem I've had with it. It also won't wet out as well in epoxy because the fibers won't move. I didn't follow your link but I'll bet it's the one that says you can use it with epoxy with some big limitations. OK, for flat surfaces. Maybe for decks. There aren't a lot of flat surfaces on a boat that don't involve bending over an inside or outside corner. With polyester, it's no problem. With epoxy, forget it, unless you vacuum-bag or make some kind of device to clamp it in place while it's curing. I might mention that I've used a fair amount of chopped mat with epoxy with no problems whatsoever. Not, I might add, because I thought it was better but because I had a considerable amount of it on hand and no woven cloth of the right weight :-) Again, it's really a product for polyester. There, it's very useful. Its sensible uses with opoxy are very limited. -- Ed Huntress |
#82
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Sun, 09 Nov 2014 13:46:11 +0700, John B. Slocomb
wrote: The WEST Systems people have done tests of epoxy and common chopped mate, see: http://www.westsystem.com/ss/chopped-strand-mat-epoxy/ and while they don't suggest it as a first choice they do say that it is usable. OK, I had a few minutes and read that link. That's the one I thought it was; WEST published it over a decade ago. The stitched mat he mentions is the stuff made for use with epoxy. That's not the mat we buy that's made for use with polyester. The stitched mat has no binder. The author wrote sbout his experiments and said regular mat "should work fine" on gently curving projects. Maybe. If the curve is too much, you can have one hell of a mess. The fibers start to pull away as you work it; some stick to whatever you're bonding to, and the rest tend to tear loose as you keep working it, trying to get around the bend or curve. Unlike polyester, you don't get that sharp initial gel stage with epoxy. In tends to just keep getting thicker. With polyester, if the project isn't too large, you can mix it a little hot and just keep poking it with the end of a brush, or rolling it, until it takes the shape you want. It will still adhere in the early stages of gelling (so will epoxy). That will take only ten to fifteen minutes, at most, with a moderately hot polyester mix -- one that isn't too hot to produce good finished properties. Getting cloth around a corner, with no mat, can also be difficult with epoxy. In general, it's much harder to work with, if there is any complexity to the shapes you're trying to cover, than polyester. If the surfaces are flat, or nearly so, it's no problem. -- Ed Huntress |
#84
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Sun, 09 Nov 2014 10:58:42 -0500, Ed Huntress
wrote: On Sun, 09 Nov 2014 13:46:11 +0700, John B. Slocomb wrote: The WEST Systems people have done tests of epoxy and common chopped mate, see: http://www.westsystem.com/ss/chopped-strand-mat-epoxy/ and while they don't suggest it as a first choice they do say that it is usable. OK, I had a few minutes and read that link. That's the one I thought it was; WEST published it over a decade ago. Ed, I've got instructions that date back a hundred years or more and are still correct. The stitched mat he mentions is the stuff made for use with epoxy. That's not the mat we buy that's made for use with polyester. The stitched mat has no binder. No Ed, he mentions that there is stitched mat made for use with epoxy but the article was very obviously written to discuss the use of epoxy with regular old chopped mat sold for use with polyester. In fact WEST says, in part, "Testing in warm/moist conditions: To see if our concerns were justified, we compared samples of generic chopped strand mat (wet out with WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin and 206 Hardener) against samples made with our Episize fiberglass fabrics (wet out with 105/206)"... "Our test included three specimens of chopped strand mat, two different sources of 1.5 oz and one 3 oz. One of the samples was made with generic mat found on the fiberglass rack in our shop, and the other two were purchased from Composite Structures Technology in Tehachapi, California. (661-822-4162)" The author wrote sbout his experiments and said regular mat "should work fine" on gently curving projects. Maybe. If the curve is too much, you can have one hell of a mess. The fibers start to pull away as you work it; some stick to whatever you're bonding to, and the rest tend to tear loose as you keep working it, trying to get around the bend or curve. Not to be sarcastic but I believe that you are getting into the a totally different area than whether it is possible to use common chopped mat with epoxy or not. You tried and failed; I tried and succeeded. Unlike polyester, you don't get that sharp initial gel stage with epoxy. In tends to just keep getting thicker. With polyester, if the project isn't too large, you can mix it a little hot and just keep poking it with the end of a brush, or rolling it, until it takes the shape you want. It will still adhere in the early stages of gelling (so will epoxy). That will take only ten to fifteen minutes, at most, with a moderately hot polyester mix -- one that isn't too hot to produce good finished properties. Getting cloth around a corner, with no mat, can also be difficult with epoxy. In general, it's much harder to work with, if there is any complexity to the shapes you're trying to cover, than polyester. If the surfaces are flat, or nearly so, it's no problem. Again, you seem to be sliding off in a different direction. As I said before, you tried and failed. This is not evidence that it doesn't work. After all I succeeded :-) -- Cheers, John B. |
#85
Posted to rec.crafts.metalworking
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Mon, 10 Nov 2014 10:30:40 +0700, John B. Slocomb
wrote: On Sun, 09 Nov 2014 10:58:42 -0500, Ed Huntress wrote: On Sun, 09 Nov 2014 13:46:11 +0700, John B. Slocomb wrote: The WEST Systems people have done tests of epoxy and common chopped mate, see: http://www.westsystem.com/ss/chopped-strand-mat-epoxy/ and while they don't suggest it as a first choice they do say that it is usable. OK, I had a few minutes and read that link. That's the one I thought it was; WEST published it over a decade ago. Ed, I've got instructions that date back a hundred years or more and are still correct. The stitched mat he mentions is the stuff made for use with epoxy. That's not the mat we buy that's made for use with polyester. The stitched mat has no binder. No Ed, he mentions that there is stitched mat made for use with epoxy but the article was very obviously written to discuss the use of epoxy with regular old chopped mat sold for use with polyester. Yes, I'm aware of that John. As I said, though, the stitched mat that's mentioned in the article is the one generally used with epoxy. I've read your experience, and all I can say is that it's not mine. In fact WEST says, in part, "Testing in warm/moist conditions: To see if our concerns were justified, we compared samples of generic chopped strand mat (wet out with WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin and 206 Hardener) against samples made with our Episize fiberglass fabrics (wet out with 105/206)"... "Our test included three specimens of chopped strand mat, two different sources of 1.5 oz and one 3 oz. One of the samples was made with generic mat found on the fiberglass rack in our shop, and the other two were purchased from Composite Structures Technology in Tehachapi, California. (661-822-4162)" The author wrote sbout his experiments and said regular mat "should work fine" on gently curving projects. Maybe. If the curve is too much, you can have one hell of a mess. The fibers start to pull away as you work it; some stick to whatever you're bonding to, and the rest tend to tear loose as you keep working it, trying to get around the bend or curve. Not to be sarcastic but I believe that you are getting into the a totally different area than whether it is possible to use common chopped mat with epoxy or not. You tried and failed; I tried and succeeded. Good, I'm glad it worked for you. Unlike polyester, you don't get that sharp initial gel stage with epoxy. In tends to just keep getting thicker. With polyester, if the project isn't too large, you can mix it a little hot and just keep poking it with the end of a brush, or rolling it, until it takes the shape you want. It will still adhere in the early stages of gelling (so will epoxy). That will take only ten to fifteen minutes, at most, with a moderately hot polyester mix -- one that isn't too hot to produce good finished properties. Getting cloth around a corner, with no mat, can also be difficult with epoxy. In general, it's much harder to work with, if there is any complexity to the shapes you're trying to cover, than polyester. If the surfaces are flat, or nearly so, it's no problem. Again, you seem to be sliding off in a different direction. As I said before, you tried and failed. This is not evidence that it doesn't work. After all I succeeded :-) Yes you did. That's great. -- Ed Huntress |
#86
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Fri, 07 Nov 2014 12:36:40 -0500
Ed Huntress wrote: snip Now I'm done. I have to get ready to go to FABTECH in Atlanta. Watch for Jody from weldingtipsandtricks.com while your there. === From: weldingtipsandtricks "I will be at fabtech in Atlanta this week. Keep an eye out for me and make sure to say Hi. Leave a comment, or hit thumbs up button and subscribe too... if you like this sorta thing. " === See his comments for the his latest in the MIG series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvjZNTqi_aU From what I've seen on youtube he should be pretty interesting to chat with ;-) -- Leon Fisk Grand Rapids MI/Zone 5b Remove no.spam for email |
#87
Posted to rec.crafts.metalworking
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Mon, 10 Nov 2014 14:46:03 -0400, Leon Fisk
wrote: On Fri, 07 Nov 2014 12:36:40 -0500 Ed Huntress wrote: snip Now I'm done. I have to get ready to go to FABTECH in Atlanta. Watch for Jody from weldingtipsandtricks.com while your there. === From: weldingtipsandtricks "I will be at fabtech in Atlanta this week. Keep an eye out for me and make sure to say Hi. Leave a comment, or hit thumbs up button and subscribe too... if you like this sorta thing. " === See his comments for the his latest in the MIG series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvjZNTqi_aU From what I've seen on youtube he should be pretty interesting to chat with ;-) Eh, too bad, I didn't see this in time. I just got home. Man, the welding pavilion was jammed. There was so much stuff there it was hard to believe. We have a new welding magazine coming out in February (_Welding Productivity_), and we had our two new editors covering it. I was focusing on laser welding and non-welding subjects for FAB Shop, and was only in the general welding area on Wednesday. Mostly I was tied up there in meetings. Business was popping. Big crowds. Very upbeat visitors. Lots of automation. Direct-diode lasers -- very cool, and we'll see big ones on the market sometime next year. -- Ed Huntress |
#88
Posted to rec.crafts.metalworking
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Thu, 13 Nov 2014 21:53:01 -0500
Ed Huntress wrote: On Mon, 10 Nov 2014 14:46:03 -0400, Leon Fisk wrote: On Fri, 07 Nov 2014 12:36:40 -0500 Ed Huntress wrote: snip Now I'm done. I have to get ready to go to FABTECH in Atlanta. Watch for Jody from weldingtipsandtricks.com while your there. === From: weldingtipsandtricks "I will be at fabtech in Atlanta this week. Keep an eye out for me and make sure to say Hi. Leave a comment, or hit thumbs up button and subscribe too... if you like this sorta thing. " === See his comments for the his latest in the MIG series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvjZNTqi_aU From what I've seen on youtube he should be pretty interesting to chat with ;-) Eh, too bad, I didn't see this in time. I just got home. Oh well, I tried Jody usually posts something about the stuff he came across/saw there too. You might want to let him know about your new publications coming out. I think your audiences are a bit different but then again he is helping a lot of people get welding certificates for employment use... snip Business was popping. Big crowds. Very upbeat visitors. Lots of automation. Direct-diode lasers -- very cool, and we'll see big ones on the market sometime next year. Interesting stuff. Read in the newspaper yesterday that GM is laying off 510 workers here in MI... On a completely different topic, check out how the GR Press electronic version works. Usually you need a password but the system seems to be open right now: http://grandrapidspress.mi.newsmemory.com/ You don't need Flash or anything special but Javascript enabled. Notice the other options/formats up along the top menu bar too. I can read your Magazines via pdf but I don't have/allow Flash on the computer... -- Leon Fisk Grand Rapids MI/Zone 5b Remove no.spam for email |
#89
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Fri, 14 Nov 2014 13:44:11 -0400
Leon Fisk wrote: snip Jody usually posts something about the stuff he came across/saw there too. Lincoln Aspect 375 Tig Welder - FabTech 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzK-iYEXoL4 -- Leon Fisk Grand Rapids MI/Zone 5b Remove no.spam for email |
#90
Posted to rec.crafts.metalworking
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Sat, 15 Nov 2014 14:09:50 -0400, Leon Fisk
wrote: On Fri, 14 Nov 2014 13:44:11 -0400 Leon Fisk wrote: snip Jody usually posts something about the stuff he came across/saw there too. Lincoln Aspect 375 Tig Welder - FabTech 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzK-iYEXoL4 He does a really nice job in front of the camera, Leon. Next time I attend one of the big shows, I'll have to look him up. It makes me want to take up TIG welding, it does. Now, if I could only extend days to 28 hours or so. g -- Ed Huntress |
#91
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Tue, 18 Nov 2014 16:30:13 -0500
Ed Huntress wrote: snip He does a really nice job in front of the camera, Leon. Next time I attend one of the big shows, I'll have to look him up. It makes me want to take up TIG welding, it does. Now, if I could only extend days to 28 hours or so. g Yes he does. Interesting machine there too... I'm thinking they will soon have an "app" to install that will communicate with the welder via bluetooth or wi-fi. The latter would allow big shops to network the machines. You'll be able to download custom setups for special welding applications, save setups for future runs and create logs showing how the welder was running during use. Most likely already out there or being played with... The machine I would like is around $2k, a bit much for my doodling around. I already have arc, mig and oxy/acy. I still enjoy watching/learning though -- Leon Fisk Grand Rapids MI/Zone 5b Remove no.spam for email |
#92
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Polyester gelcoat resins
On Wed, 19 Nov 2014 09:51:00 -0400, Leon Fisk
wrote: On Tue, 18 Nov 2014 16:30:13 -0500 Ed Huntress wrote: snip He does a really nice job in front of the camera, Leon. Next time I attend one of the big shows, I'll have to look him up. It makes me want to take up TIG welding, it does. Now, if I could only extend days to 28 hours or so. g Yes he does. Interesting machine there too... I'm thinking they will soon have an "app" to install that will communicate with the welder via bluetooth or wi-fi. The latter would allow big shops to network the machines. You'll be able to download custom setups for special welding applications, save setups for future runs and create logs showing how the welder was running during use. Most likely already out there or being played with... The machine I would like is around $2k, a bit much for my doodling around. I already have arc, mig and oxy/acy. I still enjoy watching/learning though If its not off topic....(Grin)....I do have a nice Airco (esab) 250 amp SQUARE wave tig (transformer machine) with pedal, chiller, new torch and hoses and regulator on a decent roll around cart with welding table mounted on it.... for Somewhere around $1200-1500...for anyone here that can use it. 240 single phase of course. Gunner, Central California "At the core of liberalism is the spoiled child, miserable, as all spoiled children are, unsatisfied, demanding, ill-disciplined, despotic and useless. Liberalism is a philosophy of sniveling brats." PJ O'Rourke |
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