If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

Caesar Romano wrote:

If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

By 'surge protector', do you mean something like plug strips with
MOV peak voltage limiting? If so, the upstream device will limit
an overvoltage transient and the downstream device sees normal
waveform and provides added protection only if the upstream
device fails. Actually, the varistors don't provide an absolute
clamp at their trigger voltage, but the downstream guy will do
very little protecting.

If you're referring to connecting two MOV's in series across the
line, then the overvoltage clamping will begin when line voltage
reaches the sum of the individual MOV clamp voltages. The same
transient current will flow through each MOV, and each will
dissipate part of the transient (as heat). If they have the same
clamp voltage, then each MOV absorbs half of the energy.

On Sun, 03 May 2009 16:48:03 -0400, Bryce
wrote:

Caesar Romano wrote:

If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

By 'surge protector', do you mean something like plug strips with
MOV peak voltage limiting? If so, the upstream device will limit
an overvoltage transient and the downstream device sees normal
waveform and provides added protection only if the upstream
device fails. Actually, the varistors don't provide an absolute
clamp at their trigger voltage, but the downstream guy will do
very little protecting.

If you're referring to connecting two MOV's in series across the
line, then the overvoltage clamping will begin when line voltage
reaches the sum of the individual MOV clamp voltages. The same
transient current will flow through each MOV, and each will
dissipate part of the transient (as heat). If they have the same
clamp voltage, then each MOV absorbs half of the energy.

You don't finish, but aren't you saying that the voltage that gets to
the appliance can reach twice the voltage with only one MOV across the
line, that it's much worse, much less, practically no protection with
two? I don't know enough to know, but that sounds conceivable and
sounds like the logical next sentence to what you wrote.

mm wrote:

On Sun, 03 May 2009 16:48:03 -0400, Bryce
wrote:

Caesar Romano wrote:

If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

By 'surge protector', do you mean something like plug strips with
MOV peak voltage limiting? If so, the upstream device will limit
an overvoltage transient and the downstream device sees normal
waveform and provides added protection only if the upstream
device fails. Actually, the varistors don't provide an absolute
clamp at their trigger voltage, but the downstream guy will do
very little protecting.

If you're referring to connecting two MOV's in series across the
line, then the overvoltage clamping will begin when line voltage
reaches the sum of the individual MOV clamp voltages. The same
transient current will flow through each MOV, and each will
dissipate part of the transient (as heat). If they have the same
clamp voltage, then each MOV absorbs half of the energy.

You don't finish, but aren't you saying that the voltage that gets to
the appliance can reach twice the voltage with only one MOV across the
line, that it's much worse, much less, practically no protection with
two? I don't know enough to know, but that sounds conceivable and
sounds like the logical next sentence to what you wrote.

The peak let-thru voltage will be the sum of the series-connected MOV
clamp voltages (a bit higher actually). They are manufactured in several
clamp voltage ratings. Using a series-connected pair would probably
happen only if designing protection for an unusual line voltage or
to make do with what is in the junk box. Using two series-connected
MOV's, each intended for 120VAC to protect a 120VAC line would be a
bad idea. Using the same pair to protect a 240VAC line would be better.

By the way, parallel connection of two or more MOV's is a bad idea.
If they have different clamp voltages, the first to begin conducting
does all the work. Even two MOV's of the same rating will have
slightly different characteristics and won't play well together.

for protection of a 120VAC line

Nope.


On Sun, 03 May 2009 15:23:18 -0500, Caesar Romano
wrote:

If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

I haven't thought of it that way. I suppose it's possible, depending on
how a particular protector circuit functions.

I have a protector at my service entrance. When lightning struck my
house, I had perhaps $1000 worth of damage to electronics in various
rooms, but none to my my computer/telephone equipment, which was on a
plug-in protector. Because the surge didn't come in on the line, it
made a big difference to have that equipment plugged directly into a
protector. It's possible that my computer would have been wrecked if
the whole-house protector hadn't absorbed some of the energy.

I have twelve items plugged in at my computer desk. A surge protector
is plugged in at the wall. That feeds a lamp, the phone, and another
surge protector.

The second protector feeds my computer stuff and a third protector,
which feeds my audio/video stuff. If the a/v stuff were connected to a
cable or outdoor antenna, this might be unwise.

One reason to use three protectors is to be able to leave my computer
stuff and my audio stuff switched off, for added protection, while still
using my phone and lamp. The second protector could save my computer
stuff in the event that the first protector fails and lets something
through.

On May 3, 3:23*pm, Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

I had a lightning strike and had Tripp Light units, I asked that
question to their tech support and they said yes. My Tripp light units
are also wired in such a way with added Movs for each outlet so that
on a 6 plug unit the outlet furthest from the power plug has greater
protection. But lightning can come in anywhere, 120v outlets only
cover part of your problem.

Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

Outlet strips are not intended by anyone, including UL, to be connected
in series.

Which protector does the protecting depends on which MOV clamps at a
lower voltage. Voltage ratings, like 330V, are UL categories and cover a
wide range. Even MOVs with the same part number that are not from the
same batch would not likely have identical clamp characteristics. The
upstream or downstream protector may initially do the clamping or it may
be partially or evenly shared.

You would probably get a combined Joule rating equal to the sum of the
individual ratings. If the clamping was actually evenly shared the
combined cumulative rating would be higher than the sum of the
individual ratings.

IMHO loads should only be connected to the downstream protector.

I recommend not connecting in series. Suppressors with very high ratings
are readily available at relatively low cost.

And all interconnected equipment needs to be connected to the same
plug-in suppressor, or interconnecting wires need to go through the
suppressor. External connections, like phone, also need to go through
the suppressor. Connecting all wiring through the suppressor prevents
damaging voltages between power and signal wires.

--
bud--

On May 4, 12:49*am, bud-- wrote:
Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

Outlet strips are not intended by anyone, including UL, to be connected
in series.

Which protector does the protecting depends on which MOV clamps at a
lower voltage. Voltage ratings, like 330V, are UL categories and cover a
wide range. Even MOVs with the same part number that are not from the
same batch would not likely have identical clamp characteristics. The
upstream or downstream protector may initially do the clamping or it may
be partially or evenly shared.

You would probably get a combined Joule rating equal to the sum of the
individual ratings. If the clamping was actually evenly shared the
combined cumulative rating would be higher than the sum of the
individual ratings.

IMHO loads should only be connected to the downstream protector.

I recommend not connecting in series. Suppressors with very high ratings
are readily available at relatively low cost.

And all interconnected equipment needs to be connected to the same
plug-in suppressor, or interconnecting wires need to go through the
suppressor. External connections, like phone, also need to go through
the suppressor. Connecting all wiring through the suppressor prevents
damaging voltages between power and signal wires.

--
bud--

Tell that to Tripp Lite, they sell one of the best units made. In fact
im fairly certain they were the first to offer a warranty against
lightning damage.

ransley wrote:
On May 4, 12:49 am, bud-- wrote:
Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??
Outlet strips are not intended by anyone, including UL, to be connected
in series.

Which protector does the protecting depends on which MOV clamps at a
lower voltage. Voltage ratings, like 330V, are UL categories and cover a
wide range. Even MOVs with the same part number that are not from the
same batch would not likely have identical clamp characteristics. The
upstream or downstream protector may initially do the clamping or it may
be partially or evenly shared.

You would probably get a combined Joule rating equal to the sum of the
individual ratings. If the clamping was actually evenly shared the
combined cumulative rating would be higher than the sum of the
individual ratings.

IMHO loads should only be connected to the downstream protector.

I recommend not connecting in series. Suppressors with very high ratings
are readily available at relatively low cost.

And all interconnected equipment needs to be connected to the same
plug-in suppressor, or interconnecting wires need to go through the
suppressor. External connections, like phone, also need to go through
the suppressor. Connecting all wiring through the suppressor prevents
damaging voltages between power and signal wires.

--
bud--

Tell that to Tripp Lite, they sell one of the best units made. In fact
im fairly certain they were the first to offer a warranty against
lightning damage.

You aren't specific about which of the many things I said I should tell
to Tripp Lite.

I presume it is that suppressors shouldn't be connected in series. From
the UL White Book:
"Relocatable power taps [power strips, which plug-in suppressors are a
variation of] are not intended to be series connected (daisy chained) to
other relocatable power taps or to extension cords."

--
bud--

bud-- wrote:
ransley wrote:
On May 4, 12:49 am, bud-- wrote:
Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??
Outlet strips are not intended by anyone, including UL, to be connected
in series.

Which protector does the protecting depends on which MOV clamps at a
lower voltage. Voltage ratings, like 330V, are UL categories and cover a
wide range. Even MOVs with the same part number that are not from the
same batch would not likely have identical clamp characteristics. The
upstream or downstream protector may initially do the clamping or it may
be partially or evenly shared.

You would probably get a combined Joule rating equal to the sum of the
individual ratings. If the clamping was actually evenly shared the
combined cumulative rating would be higher than the sum of the
individual ratings.

IMHO loads should only be connected to the downstream protector.

I recommend not connecting in series. Suppressors with very high ratings
are readily available at relatively low cost.

And all interconnected equipment needs to be connected to the same
plug-in suppressor, or interconnecting wires need to go through the
suppressor. External connections, like phone, also need to go through
the suppressor. Connecting all wiring through the suppressor prevents
damaging voltages between power and signal wires.

--
bud--

Tell that to Tripp Lite, they sell one of the best units made. In fact
im fairly certain they were the first to offer a warranty against
lightning damage.

You aren't specific about which of the many things I said I should tell
to Tripp Lite.

I presume it is that suppressors shouldn't be connected in series. From
the UL White Book:
"Relocatable power taps [power strips, which plug-in suppressors are a
variation of] are not intended to be series connected (daisy chained) to
other relocatable power taps or to extension cords."

The white book treats surge protectors as another item: Furniture Power
Distribution Units. It says they, too, are not intended to be daisy
chained.

It also says they are not intended to be used as Relocatable Power Taps.
I wonder what it would hurt. I'm sure it doesn't mean it's unsafe to
use a surge protector as a power strip. I think it means that there
could be an application were a power strip would be okay but not a surge
protector.

I wonder if they say daisy chaining is not intended because for some
users, too many outlets could mean too many amps.

On May 4, 7:32*pm, E Z Peaces wrote:
bud-- wrote:
ransley wrote:
On May 4, 12:49 am, bud-- wrote:
Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??
Outlet strips are not intended by anyone, including UL, to be connected
in series.

Which protector does the protecting depends on which MOV clamps at a
lower voltage. Voltage ratings, like 330V, are UL categories and cover a
wide range. Even MOVs with the same part number that are not from the
same batch would not likely have identical clamp characteristics. The
upstream or downstream protector may initially do the clamping or it may
be partially or evenly shared.

You would probably get a combined Joule rating equal to the sum of the
individual ratings. If the clamping was actually evenly shared the
combined cumulative rating would be higher than the sum of the
individual ratings.

IMHO loads should only be connected to the downstream protector.

I recommend not connecting in series. Suppressors with very high ratings
are readily available at relatively low cost.

And all interconnected equipment needs to be connected to the same
plug-in suppressor, or interconnecting wires need to go through the
suppressor. External connections, like phone, also need to go through
the suppressor. Connecting all wiring through the suppressor prevents
damaging voltages between power and signal wires.

--
bud--

Tell that to Tripp Lite, they sell one of the best units made. In fact
im fairly certain they were the first to offer a warranty against
lightning damage.

You aren't specific about which of the many things I said I should tell
to Tripp Lite.

I presume it is that suppressors shouldn't be connected in *series. From
the UL White Book:
"Relocatable power taps [power strips, which plug-in suppressors are a
variation of] are not intended to be series connected (daisy chained) to
other relocatable power taps or to extension cords."

The white book treats surge protectors as another item: Furniture Power
Distribution Units. *It says they, too, are not intended to be daisy
chained.

It also says they are not intended to be used as Relocatable Power Taps.
* I wonder what it would hurt. *I'm sure it doesn't mean it's unsafe to
use a surge protector as a power strip. *I think it means that there
could be an application were a power strip would be okay but not a surge
protector.

I wonder if they say daisy chaining is not intended because for some
users, too many outlets could mean too many amps.- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

You know UL, they gotta keep folks "safe" [from themselves], 1 Trip
unit will do the job it was designed for, if you want safe, what I do
is unplug when storms might be comming and I amd leaving. No surge
protector can protect all that lightning can dish out on a big direct
hit. I got hit bad once it was so strong it lit flourescent lights
that were shut off 3 stories below where it came in when I was in the
kitchen. In the attic track light bulbs were even loosened in the
sockets that worked when screwed back in. It was so strong insurance
pros thought it was a Plasma going through the room since circuits
affected were not near the strike and the electronics damages the ins
covered it cost over 20,000 to the insurance co. There wasnt even ANY
entry point or exterior damage, just fire in one corner box and
equipment fried 50 ft away. It must have been Plasma. A friend had
ball lightning roll-float through his large room and do no damage, I
guess thats Plasma. Lightning is scary stuff. Unplug for 100% saftey,
its less of a hassle than a repair, and you know your stuff is safe.
Im in a place hit 3 times already, and nows the storm season.

On May 4, 9:48*am, bud-- wrote:
ransley wrote:
On May 4, 12:49 am, bud-- wrote:
Caesar Romano wrote:
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??
Outlet strips are not intended by anyone, including UL, to be connected
in series.

Which protector does the protecting depends on which MOV clamps at a
lower voltage. Voltage ratings, like 330V, are UL categories and cover a
wide range. Even MOVs with the same part number that are not from the
same batch would not likely have identical clamp characteristics. The
upstream or downstream protector may initially do the clamping or it may
be partially or evenly shared.

You would probably get a combined Joule rating equal to the sum of the
individual ratings. If the clamping was actually evenly shared the
combined cumulative rating would be higher than the sum of the
individual ratings.

IMHO loads should only be connected to the downstream protector.

I recommend not connecting in series. Suppressors with very high ratings
are readily available at relatively low cost.

And all interconnected equipment needs to be connected to the same
plug-in suppressor, or interconnecting wires need to go through the
suppressor. External connections, like phone, also need to go through
the suppressor. Connecting all wiring through the suppressor prevents
damaging voltages between power and signal wires.

--
bud--

Tell that to Tripp Lite, they sell one of the best units made. In fact
im fairly certain they were the first to offer a warranty against
lightning damage.

You aren't specific about which of the many things I said I should tell
to Tripp Lite.

I presume it is that suppressors shouldn't be connected in *series. From
the UL White Book:
"Relocatable power taps [power strips, which plug-in suppressors are a
variation of] are not intended to be series connected (daisy chained) to
other relocatable power taps or to extension cords."

--
bud--- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

Again tell that to Tripp Lite. Some of Trips units with multiple
outlets have increased protection for each outlet as you move away
from the power cord, daisy chaining is only like a strip with
additional outlets. Stick your UL book and learn, call Tripp, mr UL
book.

On May 3, 4:23 pm, Caesar Romano wrote:
If twosurgeprotectorsare connected in series, is the amount of
surgeprotectionavailable at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

You assumed protectors somehow stop or absorb surges. They don't.
Do you really think that protector will stop what three miles of sky
could not?.

A surge first creates a path from cloud to earthborne charges. Then
surge current - electricity -flows simultaneously and equally through
everything in that path. Effective protectors don't try to stop or
absorb that energy. One dffective protector connects a surge to earth
- as the NIST says:
You cannot really suppress a surge altogether, nor
"arrest" it. What these protective devices do is
neither suppress nor arrest a surge, but simply
divert it to ground, where it can do no harm.

Where does surge energy get harmlessly absorbed? In earth. A
protector is only a connecting device to protection - earth.
Protector and protection are two separate items. A protector located
too far from protection (earth ground) may divert that surge
destructively in other paths inside a building.

E Z Peaces describes a 'whole house' protector. But also describes
a protector apparently with insufficient earthing. One 'whole house'
protector means the surge does not even enter the building; need not
seek earth ground through a computer or other appliances. Again,
first the path from cloud to earth is created. In his case, that
connection to earth was through some appliances - destructively.

A surge that does not enter the building does not seek earth - which
is what every telco everywhere in the world does. Effective earthing
making the original question - connecting protectors in series -
irrelevant. Your telco connected to overhead wires all over town may
suffer 100 surges during each thunderstorm. How often how has your
town been without phone service for four days while they replace their
computer? Telcos don't daiychain protectors. Telcos locate every
protector where each wire enters the building - and making the
shortest possible connection to earth.

Where does surge energy get dissipated harmlessly? In earth.

What a protector connects surges to - where surge energy gets
absorbed - is surge protection - earth ground. Every wire inside
every incoming utility cable connects short (ie 'less than 10 feet')
to earth either using wire (ie cable TV, satellite dish) or via a
'whole house' protector (AC electric, telephone).

Not just any earth ground. All must make a short connection to the
same earth ground electrode.

A protector is only as effective as its earth ground. Where do your
daisy chained (in series)protectors make that "low impedance"
connection to earth? Why do commercial broadcast stations and ham
radio operators routinely suffer direct lightning strikes and never
have damage? Why do telcos not use your plug-in protectors? They
need protection. Protectors connect as short as possible to earth so
that surges need not enter a building. Never damage that telco
switching computer. Nobody will stop or absorb what three miles of
sky could not.

bud will now reply with nasty and insulting comments because he is
paid to do so.

On Mon, 4 May 2009 14:35:22 -0700 (PDT), westom
wrote Re Surge protectors in series:

bud will now reply with nasty and insulting comments because he is
paid to do so.

Who is Bud and who pays him?

On May 4, 7:10*pm, Caesar Romano wrote:
Who is Bud and who pays him?

It will become obvious. Meanwhile, surges are electrical
connections from cloud to earth. First a path forms. Then electric
current flows simultaneously through everything in that path. If
anything attempts to stop that current, then voltage increases as high
as necessary to blow through that obstruction.

Surge protectors do not stop and do not absorb surges. An appliance
is connected directly to AC mains if using no power strip, one power
strip or five power strips in series. Doubt it? Then break one
open. Connection to AC mains is electrically direct. Nothing inside
to obstruct a surge.

Protection means the surge does not enter a building. Protection
means a surge finds earth ground before entering the building. It was
done that way even 100 years ago and is still installed in any
facility that can never suffer damage.

westom wrote:
On May 4, 7:10 pm, Caesar Romano wrote:
Who is Bud and who pays him?

It will become obvious. Meanwhile, surges are electrical
connections from cloud to earth. First a path forms. Then electric
current flows simultaneously through everything in that path. If
anything attempts to stop that current, then voltage increases as high
as necessary to blow through that obstruction.

Surge protectors do not stop and do not absorb surges. An appliance
is connected directly to AC mains if using no power strip, one power
strip or five power strips in series. Doubt it? Then break one
open. Connection to AC mains is electrically direct. Nothing inside
to obstruct a surge.

Protection means the surge does not enter a building. Protection
means a surge finds earth ground before entering the building. It was
done that way even 100 years ago and is still installed in any
facility that can never suffer damage.
Hi,
Never? Only on theory. On a direct mega hit nothing survives. I
witnessed it first hand years ago.

On Mon, 4 May 2009 14:35:22 -0700 (PDT), westom
wrote:

On May 3, 4:23 pm, Caesar Romano wrote:
If twosurgeprotectorsare connected in series, is the amount of
surgeprotectionavailable at the down-stream protector approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

You assumed protectors somehow stop or absorb surges. They don't.
Do you really think that protector will stop what three miles of sky
could not?.

A surge first creates a path from cloud to earthborne charges. Then
surge current - electricity -flows simultaneously and equally through
everything in that path. Effective protectors don't try to stop or
absorb that energy. One dffective protector connects a surge to earth
- as the NIST says:
You cannot really suppress a surge altogether, nor
"arrest" it. What these protective devices do is
neither suppress nor arrest a surge, but simply
divert it to ground, where it can do no harm.

Where does surge energy get harmlessly absorbed? In earth. A
protector is only a connecting device to protection - earth.
Protector and protection are two separate items. A protector located
too far from protection (earth ground) may divert that surge
destructively in other paths inside a building.

E Z Peaces describes a 'whole house' protector. But also describes
a protector apparently with insufficient earthing. One 'whole house'
protector means the surge does not even enter the building; need not
seek earth ground through a computer or other appliances. Again,
first the path from cloud to earth is created. In his case, that
connection to earth was through some appliances - destructively.

A surge that does not enter the building does not seek earth - which
is what every telco everywhere in the world does. Effective earthing
making the original question - connecting protectors in series -
irrelevant. Your telco connected to overhead wires all over town may
suffer 100 surges during each thunderstorm. How often how has your
town been without phone service for four days while they replace their
computer? Telcos don't daiychain protectors. Telcos locate every
protector where each wire enters the building - and making the
shortest possible connection to earth.

Where does surge energy get dissipated harmlessly? In earth.

What a protector connects surges to - where surge energy gets
absorbed - is surge protection - earth ground. Every wire inside
every incoming utility cable connects short (ie 'less than 10 feet')
to earth either using wire (ie cable TV, satellite dish) or via a
'whole house' protector (AC electric, telephone).

Not just any earth ground. All must make a short connection to the
same earth ground electrode.

A protector is only as effective as its earth ground. Where do your
daisy chained (in series)protectors make that "low impedance"
connection to earth? Why do commercial broadcast stations and ham
radio operators routinely suffer direct lightning strikes and never
have damage? Why do telcos not use your plug-in protectors? They
need protection. Protectors connect as short as possible to earth so
that surges need not enter a building. Never damage that telco
switching computer. Nobody will stop or absorb what three miles of
sky could not.

bud will now reply with nasty and insulting comments because he is
paid to do so.

Anybody who follows Westom's advice or believes his idiocy is a prime
candidate for the Darwin Awards. Westom is a long time usenet kook who
likes to sprinkle just enough truth in his nonsense to fool people
into doing things that could kill them.

He has changed his usenet identity once again to try and escape from
his past. He used to post as w_tom.

Lets say the first one trips, if the voltage reaches 200
volts. The second one trips if the voltage reaches 200
volts. How would that add up? I say, not at all.

--
Christopher A. Young
Learn more about Jesus
www.lds.org
..


"Caesar Romano" wrote in message
...
If two surge protectors are connected in series, is the
amount of
surge protection available at the down-stream protector
approximately
equal to the sum of the two individual protections??

"Stormin Mormon" wrote in
:

Lets say the first one trips, if the voltage reaches 200
volts. The second one trips if the voltage reaches 200
volts. How would that add up? I say, not at all.


OTOH,if there's enough energy to blow past the first protector,the 2nd will
absorb/shunt it. The 1st protector also acts as a delay,slows down the rise
of the pulse.

--
Jim Yanik
jyanik
at
kua.net

On May 6, 9:18 am, "Stormin Mormon"
wrote:
Lets say the first one trips, if the voltage reaches 200
volts. The second one trips if the voltage reaches 200
volts. How would that add up? I say, not at all.

No surge protector trips. Where is this device inside that power
strip that disconnects appliance from AC mains? This 'tripping' myth
is the claim that a protector will stop and absorb what even three
miles of sky could not stop.

What is that 'tripping' device? You made the claim. What does this
tripping?

Why is 'let-through' voltage at 330 volts? Where does 200 volts
come from? What is this device inside a protector that measures and
trips on voltage? Surges are measures in amperes. What measures and
trips on 200 volts?