Electronics Repair (sci.electronics.repair) Discussion of repairing electronic equipment. Topics include requests for assistance, where to obtain servicing information and parts, techniques for diagnosis and repair, and annecdotes about success, failures and problems.

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  #1   Report Post  
 
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Default Wanted: A Very Accurate Timer

Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

Any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks a lot.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.

  #5   Report Post  
Jim Thompson
 
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On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 10:50:57 -0700, "Richard Henry"
wrote:


"Jim Thompson" wrote in message
.. .
On 24 Jun 2005 17:19:09 GMT, Ian Stirling
wrote:

In sci.electronics.design wrote:
Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

GPS recievers.
I've seen some with an alarm function.
However, 1/60th of a second in 6 hours isn't impossible to do otherwise.


An ordinary digital clock powered from the AC line is more accurate
than that.


On the surface, shouldn't that be "as accurate as that"? In North America
and other 60-Hz realms, at least.


As I understand it, for grid-power-hopping to work, the accuracy is
_much_ better than that.


I have heard horror stories about short-term inaccuracies in the power
system 60 Hz timing, that it is only guaranteed to be accurate within 1
cycle per day, for instance.


I think that's nonsense.


And I found this tidbit googling around for accurate clocks: "GPS time was
zero at 0h 6-Jan-1980 and since it is not perturbed by leap seconds GPS is
now ahead of UTC by 13 seconds."



...Jim Thompson
--
| James E.Thompson, P.E. | mens |
| Analog Innovations, Inc. | et |
| Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus |
| Phoenix, Arizona Voice480)460-2350 | |
| E-mail Address at Website Fax480)460-2142 | Brass Rat |
|
http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 |

I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.


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DaveM
 
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wrote in message
oups.com...
Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

Any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks a lot.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.


Dan,
Sadly enough, there have been a number of replies to your question, but none
have attempted to answer it directly.
But, you didn't state the intended use or desired method of operation of the
timer. Assuming that you are looking for a handheld timer suitable for
tasks such as cooking or sunbathing, almost any of the common timers
available at outlets such as Radio Shack, Target, Walmart, etc. should fill
your bill. They are all crystal controlled, and although their accuracy
isn't usually stated in the specs, they should easily meet your
requirements.
If you're looking for an industrial timer that can control other devices,
then you need to specify what kind of equipment or the power requirements of
the equipment.

--
Dave M
MasonDG44 at comcast dot net (Just subsitute the appropriate characters in
the address)

Never take a laxative and a sleeping pill at the same time!!


  #10   Report Post  
Jonathan Kirwan
 
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On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 16:36:09 -0400, "DaveM"
wrote:

wrote in message
roups.com...
Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

Any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks a lot.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.


Dan,
Sadly enough, there have been a number of replies to your question, but none
have attempted to answer it directly.
But, you didn't state the intended use or desired method of operation of the
timer. Assuming that you are looking for a handheld timer suitable for
tasks such as cooking or sunbathing, almost any of the common timers
available at outlets such as Radio Shack, Target, Walmart, etc. should fill
your bill. They are all crystal controlled, and although their accuracy
isn't usually stated in the specs, they should easily meet your
requirements.
If you're looking for an industrial timer that can control other devices,
then you need to specify what kind of equipment or the power requirements of
the equipment.


I had thought that maintaining an accumulated deviation of no greater
than 1/60 sec in 6 hours is about like 24 seconds/year or 2 seconds a
month. This is 1ppm drift. Without being temperature stable, this
is not so easy, is it?

Jon


  #11   Report Post  
Mike Monett
 
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Jonathan Kirwan wrote:

On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 16:36:09 -0400, "DaveM"
wrote:

wrote


Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

Any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks a lot.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.


[...]

I had thought that maintaining an accumulated deviation of no greater
than 1/60 sec in 6 hours is about like 24 seconds/year or 2 seconds a
month. This is 1ppm drift. Without being temperature stable, this
is not so easy, is it?

Jon


Just checking the math: 1/(6*3600*60)=7.716E-7

You are right. That may be difficult without an oven.

Darren's spec may be a little tight. Normally, people who need to measure to
that precision already know the methods and where to get the needed
equipment.

The next question : what is he measuring that is that stable? I don't know of
anything that is expressed in seconds with 1ppm stability, except perhaps
gps. But if it involved gps, he'd already have the answer to his question.

Mike Monett
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Jim Adney
 
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On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 20:59:10 GMT Jonathan Kirwan
wrote:

I had thought that maintaining an accumulated deviation of no greater
than 1/60 sec in 6 hours is about like 24 seconds/year or 2 seconds a
month. This is 1ppm drift. Without being temperature stable, this
is not so easy, is it?


It's about one part in 13 million, so, yes, this is pretty difficult.
You won't do this with a straight crystal oscillator, and I don't know
if any of the GPS units actually give out a clock signal that's fast
enough to measure 1/60 of a second.

HP makes a 10 MHz ovenized crystal oscillator which is much more
stable than this, however. There is one on ebay now for about $85.
That's about as cheap as you are likely to find for this level of
precision.

Do you really need this much precision?

-
-----------------------------------------------
Jim Adney
Madison, WI 53711 USA
-----------------------------------------------
  #13   Report Post  
mike
 
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Jim Adney wrote:
On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 20:59:10 GMT Jonathan Kirwan
wrote:


I had thought that maintaining an accumulated deviation of no greater
than 1/60 sec in 6 hours is about like 24 seconds/year or 2 seconds a
month. This is 1ppm drift. Without being temperature stable, this
is not so easy, is it?



It's about one part in 13 million, so, yes, this is pretty difficult.
You won't do this with a straight crystal oscillator, and I don't know
if any of the GPS units actually give out a clock signal that's fast
enough to measure 1/60 of a second.

HP makes a 10 MHz ovenized crystal oscillator which is much more
stable than this, however. There is one on ebay now for about $85.
That's about as cheap as you are likely to find for this level of
precision.

Do you really need this much precision?

-
-----------------------------------------------
Jim Adney
Madison, WI 53711 USA
-----------------------------------------------


Once you have this precision, you need some way to reliably use it.

I always get a chuckle out of "Star Trek". They've got massive
computers calculating precise timing, trajectories etc.
but they always initiate it with an imprecise verbal command, "ENGAGE".
mike

--
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with links. Delete this sig when replying.
..
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Bunch of stuff For Sale and Wanted at the link below.
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  #14   Report Post  
NSM
 
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"mike" wrote in message
...

Once you have this precision, you need some way to reliably use it.

I always get a chuckle out of "Star Trek". They've got massive
computers calculating precise timing, trajectories etc.
but they always initiate it with an imprecise verbal command, "ENGAGE".


Hard to take a show seriously where spacecraft make banking turns in space
and go "Whoosh" as they pass you. "Blake's 7" at least got that part right.

N


  #15   Report Post  
Jim Adney
 
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On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 22:19:33 -0500 Jim Adney
wrote:

On Fri, 24 Jun 2005 20:59:10 GMT Jonathan Kirwan
wrote:

I had thought that maintaining an accumulated deviation of no greater
than 1/60 sec in 6 hours is about like 24 seconds/year or 2 seconds a
month. This is 1ppm drift. Without being temperature stable, this
is not so easy, is it?


It's about one part in 13 million, so, yes, this is pretty difficult.


Oops, I'm off by one decimal place; it's more like one part in 1.3
million. This can be done with a good crystal oscillator, but it's got
to be a pretty good one, and it has to be calibrated against a real
standard.

The question remains of why one would need this degree of accuracy in
a timing function.

-
-----------------------------------------------
Jim Adney
Madison, WI 53711 USA
-----------------------------------------------


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Roger Hamlett
 
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wrote in message
oups.com...
Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

Any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks a lot.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.

You really need to say more about the enviroment.
Crystals, can relatively easily get to 1ppm. (you need just slightly
better than this), and with a crystal oven to control the temperature,
accuracies better that 0.1ppm, are relatively easy. Omega offer off the
shelf timing systems warranted to better than this.
Some radio transmitters in most countries have warranted accuracies
(usually on the long-wave), and a receiver, with a PLL locked onto this
can give superb accuracies (some warrant 0.01ppm, and some go even
further - in the UK, the 60KHz used for this, is maintained to better that
2 parts in 10^12). In the US, WWVB, broadcasts a similar signal.
These same transmitters are usually the ones carrying MSF time and date
information, and the master source is usually now an atomic clock. Some of
the receiver systems for these, have inputs for the distance to the
transmitter, and give 'real time', compensated for this to mSec or better
accuracies.
The master clock for the GPS system, provides similar accuracies. A
receiver, with local PLL, can be used again to get access to this clock.
Mains provides good 'long term' accuracy, but in the short term is poor,
and would not meet your requirements in this regard.
So, if you have access to radio reception, look at using a local
oscillator locked to the WWVB transmissions. Otherwise you will need to
consider a high accuracy crystal, in a suitable oven. If internet
connectivity is available, you could use a time server, and a local clock
slaved to this (units to do this are off the sheld items).
In the UK, one of th companies doing a range of products using these
technologies, a
http://www.steatite.co.uk/downloads/...q_linecard.pdf

Best Wishes





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Joerg
 
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Hello Darren,

Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.


This lets me assume that you need some kind of electronic triggering.
1/60th of a second is to precise for a finger to push a button.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?


Check out the sports markets. The devices for swimming relay contests
may not quite offer 6 hours but equipment for marathons or triathlons
should. It has been a while since I did competition swimming but I
vaguely remember that the stuff mostly came from the major watch
companies, usually from Switzerland.

Regards, Joerg

http://www.analogconsultants.com
  #18   Report Post  
quietguy
 
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In order to be sure of the accuracy that you are seeking, I presume the
timer woul dhave to have a readout in the order of 1/100's of a second.

Since this sort of accuracy is common in timing many sporting events (eg
swimming, motor racing, running etc) a chat with the local swimming club
etc might give you some leads to sources

David

wrote:

Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?

Any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks a lot.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.


  #19   Report Post  
NSM
 
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wrote in message
oups.com...

Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.


You can pick up a Radio Shack Model 100 from $5 and up on eBay. There is
free software that will give you 8 separate accurate lap timers on that, one
for each function key. It runs off 4 AA cells.

N


  #20   Report Post  
Don Lancaster
 
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NSM wrote:
wrote in message
oups.com...


Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.



You can pick up a Radio Shack Model 100 from $5 and up on eBay. There is
free software that will give you 8 separate accurate lap timers on that, one
for each function key. It runs off 4 AA cells.

N



6 hours would be 6 x 3600 x60 units = 1,296,000 or better than one part
in 10^6.

That is heading into TCXO crystal oven country.
Or possibly locking to a NIST radio source such as WWV or WWVB.

Or, at the very least, a calibration from a traceable source.

Loosen your spec.

--
Many thanks,

Don Lancaster
Synergetics 3860 West First Street Box 809 Thatcher, AZ 85552
voice: (928)428-4073 email:

Please visit my GURU's LAIR web site at
http://www.tinaja.com


  #21   Report Post  
Richard H.
 
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wrote:
Can I get recomendations for the most accurate electronic timer that I
can buy?

It must to be accurate to within 1/60th of a second over the course of
6 hours.

Is something like this commercially available, or will I have to build
it, or have someone build it?


You will certainly find what you need here, though whether it is within
your budget may be another matter. They have units that are far better
than 1ppm accurate.
http://www.symmttm.com/

Or, have you considered a simple PC application that syncs its time from
NIST via the Internet using an NTP client? Virtually free and accurate
to 10ms, as long as you can tolerate a net-connected PC.

Or, perhaps a PC / system connected to a GPS receiver via the serial
port (though I understand the time via the serial port may only have
1-second resolution for many units, so homework is in order).

Richard
  #23   Report Post  
Dave Plowman (News)
 
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In article .com,
Glenn Gundlach wrote:
I'm sitting here looking at my homebuilt digital clock that is counting
120 zero crosses of the AC line as its 1 second time base. Motorola
processor. Do you need the absolute accuracy or would counting
2,592,000 AC zero crosses do the trick?


In the UK, the mains frequency might well average out at 50 Hz over 24
hours, but that's not the same as being absolutely accurate over any 6
hour period. Can't see the US being any different.

--
*The man who fell into an upholstery machine is fully recovered.*

Dave Plowman London SW
To e-mail, change noise into sound.
  #24   Report Post  
Peter Duck
 
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In message
"Dave Plowman (News)" wrote:

... would counting 2,592,000 AC zero crosses do the trick?


In the UK, the mains frequency might well average out at 50 Hz over 24
hours, but that's not the same as being absolutely accurate over any 6
hour period.


I've a radio-controlled clock and a nominally-50Hz-driven one in the
same room.
There's only any point in synchronising them early in the morning: that
way, they'll agree again every morning, i.e. the 50HZ is carefully kept
to be *on average* true, but by evening, especially in winter, the
difference can be as much as 20 seconds.

Can't see the US being any different.


Nor can I ...

--
Peter Duck
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Thanks for all the responses.

I originally entertained something like this 2-1/2 years ago, but the
timer I needed, which was basically a racing watch, but with a large
bright red display, was not commercially available and proved too
complicated to build.

So I have to settle on just a simple timer for now, and worry about
getting something more complex later.

It is way too complicated to go into the details as far as why I need
this, but basically this will involve conducting experiments/tests on
the accuracy of human timing, and also the confirmation of certain
conclusions drawn from studying the code contained within the hardware
I'll be testing against.

1/60th of a second is important because it is specific to that hardware
and how it functions. It uses registers that change every 1/60th of a
second to make certain occurances "random". If one could react with an
accuracy of 1/60th of a second, then these occurances would follow a
predictable pattern. But of course that kind of timing is not humanly
possible with any kind of consistency.

Anyway, to simplify what I'm doing, this involves a huge number of
timed inputs(by a person) over the course of several hours. The timer
will be the reference.

If it is easier for me to get a set-up that involves frequent
resets/corrections to get the needed accuracy at any 60th of a second
over the course of several hours, then that is what I'll have to do.

P.S: The hardware itself is a videogame.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.



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Richard H.
 
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wrote:
1/60th of a second is important because it is specific to that hardware
and how it functions. It uses registers that change every 1/60th of a
second to make certain occurances "random". If one could react with an
accuracy of 1/60th of a second, then these occurances would follow a
predictable pattern. But of course that kind of timing is not humanly
possible with any kind of consistency.

Anyway, to simplify what I'm doing, this involves a huge number of
timed inputs(by a person) over the course of several hours. The timer
will be the reference.

If it is easier for me to get a set-up that involves frequent
resets/corrections to get the needed accuracy at any 60th of a second
over the course of several hours, then that is what I'll have to do.

P.S: The hardware itself is a videogame.


This strikes me as a very different definition of the problem from your
original post...

If your goal is to have an event 60 times per second with good accuracy,
that is trivial with most microcontrollers. Even a basic design could
get you 100,000 events per second with good accuracy.

But what you described in your original post was a requirement to finish
after 6 hours with a clock drift of no more than 1/60 second. That
problem is 21,600 times harder, and requires elaborate solutions.

i.e., it sounds like your requirement is for a timer that can:
a) trigger 60 times per second with "good" accuracy
b) count for 6 hours or more

In defining "good" accuracy, 1% equates to +/- 0.00017 secs margin per
60/sec event (between 0.01649 and 0.01683 seconds per event). These
timings aren't likely to vary much on one board (barring temerature
changes), but would vary in this range from one board to the next.

So, what degree of accuracy are you really needing?

Cheers,
Richard
  #27   Report Post  
 
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Richard H. wrote:
wrote:
1/60th of a second is important because it is specific to that hardware
and how it functions. It uses registers that change every 1/60th of a
second to make certain occurances "random". If one could react with an
accuracy of 1/60th of a second, then these occurances would follow a
predictable pattern. But of course that kind of timing is not humanly
possible with any kind of consistency.

Anyway, to simplify what I'm doing, this involves a huge number of
timed inputs(by a person) over the course of several hours. The timer
will be the reference.

If it is easier for me to get a set-up that involves frequent
resets/corrections to get the needed accuracy at any 60th of a second
over the course of several hours, then that is what I'll have to do.

P.S: The hardware itself is a videogame.


This strikes me as a very different definition of the problem from your
original post...


How? In my original post I said the following: "It must to be accurate
to within 1/60th of a second over the course of 6 hours."

If your goal is to have an event 60 times per second with good accuracy,
that is trivial with most microcontrollers. Even a basic design could
get you 100,000 events per second with good accuracy.


But that is not my goal.

But what you described in your original post was a requirement to finish
after 6 hours with a clock drift of no more than 1/60 second. That
problem is 21,600 times harder, and requires elaborate solutions.

i.e., it sounds like your requirement is for a timer that can:
a) trigger 60 times per second with "good" accuracy
b) count for 6 hours or more


Still wrong. The timer will trigger nothing. All it needs is a display
so that I can see the seconds.(Though showing 1/60th of a second
intervals would be great, it's just not required for this project,
which I have had to simplify greatly).

In defining "good" accuracy, 1% equates to +/- 0.00017 secs margin per
60/sec event (between 0.01649 and 0.01683 seconds per event). These
timings aren't likely to vary much on one board (barring temerature
changes), but would vary in this range from one board to the next.

So, what degree of accuracy are you really needing?


1/60th of a second...

(ie: When the 2 hour, 53 minute, and 37 second point is reached, the
display should show it at exactly that time at an accuracy of 1/60th of
a second from when the clock started running).

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.

  #28   Report Post  
Tim Shoppa
 
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It uses registers that change every 1/60th of a
second to make certain occurances "random". If one
could react with an accuracy of 1/60th of
a second, then these occurances would
follow a predictable pattern. But
of course that kind of timing is not humanly
possible with any kind of consistency.


I'm guessing that you're trying to beat some sort of gambling/gaming
system that uses a pseudorandom sequence clocked at 60Hz. A few
off-the-wall comments:

1. You don't have to do it consistently, just enough to put the odds
in your favor. Most games are set by law to returns in the 40-48%
range. Just "hitting the button" in a 1/6 second window (sounds
feasible to me) where you know you've got a 7 or 8 out of 10 chance is
way better. You don't wait for the 1/60th of a second where you know
you win, but instead you wait for a 1/6sec window where there's a
really good chance you'll win.

2. The gaming system's clock is probably nowhere near the 1ppm
accuracy you're stating that you require. It would probably make more
sense to try to phase-lock the "guesser" to the system. This isn't
easy if there's a lot of noise and other pseudo-random uncertainties
involved, but it's not impossible.

If the gaming system is locked to AC power, then there's enough 60Hz
ripple in the light out of a fluorescent or incadescent to lock to that
easily.

I'd be very surprised if a gaming system had a 1/60 second clock, BTW.

Tim.

  #29   Report Post  
Rich Grise
 
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On Thu, 30 Jun 2005 05:07:38 -0700, Tim Shoppa wrote:

It uses registers that change every 1/60th of a
second to make certain occurances "random". If one
could react with an accuracy of 1/60th of
a second, then these occurances would
follow a predictable pattern. But
of course that kind of timing is not humanly
possible with any kind of consistency.


I'm guessing that you're trying to beat some sort of gambling/gaming
system that uses a pseudorandom sequence clocked at 60Hz. A few
off-the-wall comments:

1. You don't have to do it consistently, just enough to put the odds
in your favor. Most games are set by law to returns in the 40-48%
range. Just "hitting the button" in a 1/6 second window (sounds
feasible to me) where you know you've got a 7 or 8 out of 10 chance is
way better. You don't wait for the 1/60th of a second where you know
you win, but instead you wait for a 1/6sec window where there's a
really good chance you'll win.

2. The gaming system's clock is probably nowhere near the 1ppm
accuracy you're stating that you require. It would probably make more
sense to try to phase-lock the "guesser" to the system. This isn't
easy if there's a lot of noise and other pseudo-random uncertainties
involved, but it's not impossible.

If the gaming system is locked to AC power, then there's enough 60Hz
ripple in the light out of a fluorescent or incadescent to lock to that
easily.

I'd be very surprised if a gaming system had a 1/60 second clock, BTW.


DOOOD!!!!! =:-O

He's trying to cheat the slots?!?!??? F-ck, man, I thought he
just wanted to reinvent Bazo's Breaker or something.

Speaking of screwing a casino, I'd rather deal with real feds than
casino security. Like, for example, printing out a scan of a bill,
then trying to use it in a casino changer - you wouldn't even
make it out of the building. (although, I haven't tried to pass one
to a blackjack dealer...) But the little girl at the bank teller window
will happily break it to small bills for you - or actually, the easiest
place to pass bogus bills is at the nudie bar - you flash your bogus
twenty, and ask the babe for change. Then you leave, and go to the next
nudie bar, where you rip off another bimbo $19.00.

It's almost trivial. ;-

(of course, if you're going for hundreds or thousands, then you'll
have to find your own foreign investors. I hear gun-running pays
pretty well, if you like that sort of people.)

Chears!
Rich

  #30   Report Post  
 
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Tim Shoppa wrote:
It uses registers that change every 1/60th of a
second to make certain occurances "random". If one
could react with an accuracy of 1/60th of
a second, then these occurances would
follow a predictable pattern. But
of course that kind of timing is not humanly
possible with any kind of consistency.


I'm guessing that you're trying to beat some sort of gambling/gaming
system that uses a pseudorandom sequence clocked at 60Hz. A few
off-the-wall comments:

1. You don't have to do it consistently, just enough to put the odds
in your favor. Most games are set by law to returns in the 40-48%
range. Just "hitting the button" in a 1/6 second window (sounds
feasible to me) where you know you've got a 7 or 8 out of 10 chance is
way better. You don't wait for the 1/60th of a second where you know
you win, but instead you wait for a 1/6sec window where there's a
really good chance you'll win.

2. The gaming system's clock is probably nowhere near the 1ppm
accuracy you're stating that you require. It would probably make more
sense to try to phase-lock the "guesser" to the system. This isn't
easy if there's a lot of noise and other pseudo-random uncertainties
involved, but it's not impossible.

If the gaming system is locked to AC power, then there's enough 60Hz
ripple in the light out of a fluorescent or incadescent to lock to that
easily.

I'd be very surprised if a gaming system had a 1/60 second clock, BTW.



Thanks.

I agree with all that. But what I'm doing has nothing to do with a
gambling system.

Darren Harris
Staten Island, New York.



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First, I should admit that my rant may have been a bit harsh. This may
also have been caused by some ignorant people looking for free help on
some illegal stuff (so their questions were very vague and ill defined)
in another newsgroup that I read. I should have only tried to make the
point the input you get is as detailed as the description of the
problem. There was some suspicion your problem being not exactly as you
described, so you would be looking for another solution to solve it in a
proper way. I was just trying to explain the way people react to the
question, I suppose.

Anyway, on topic, I'd like to explain why I stated you should be
sampling at least 120 times a second if you really want to detect
changes that could be occuring 60 times a second. Suppose you take a
sample 60 times a second. Worst case scenario is that a change occurs
immediately after your sample and a next change occurs exactly before
your next sample. You've missed the entire event in that case. The
second-worst case being that a change occurs immediately after your
sample and you record it almost 1/60th of a second after it really
occured.

---
Met vriendelijke groet,

Maarten Bakker.
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