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#1
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Understanding Yagi antenna
I've posted a picture on alt.binaires.schematics.electronic
to an effort to help me get a better understanding of an antenna. It is a 2.4Ghz antenna about 18" long. The driven element is a copper ribbon 0.2" wide by 0.032" thick. The copper ribbon forms a loop about 2" wide by 0.625" tall. The gap in the ribbon would be 0.020", but note; in the pictures a moon shaped piece has been cut from both ends. I think this moon cut effectively make the gap look larger. The total coax length is 2.350", the shield a bit shorter at 2.08". There are 4 toroids on the coax. These are under a piece of heat shrink, so I have no idea what material they would be. All element spacings are all equal and element lengths are within ..030" of each other. I think they were designed to be the same but manufacturing tolerances made the differences. The reflector is longer. So now what can the group tell me about; Driven element impedance the gap coax length impedance transformation the 4 toroids Thanks for the help, if you need any other details let me know. Mike |
#2
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Understanding Yagi antenna
"amdx" I've posted a picture on alt.binaires.schematics.electronic to an effort to help me get a better understanding of an antenna. It is a 2.4Ghz antenna about 18" long. The driven element is a copper ribbon 0.2" wide by 0.032" thick. The copper ribbon forms a loop about 2" wide by 0.625" tall. The gap in the ribbon would be 0.020", but note; in the pictures a moon shaped piece has been cut from both ends. I think this moon cut effectively make the gap look larger. The total coax length is 2.350", the shield a bit shorter at 2.08". There are 4 toroids on the coax. These are under a piece of heat shrink, so I have no idea what material they would be. All element spacings are all equal and element lengths are within .030" of each other. I think they were designed to be the same but manufacturing tolerances made the differences. The reflector is longer. So now what can the group tell me about; ** Just like this one - ain't it ?? http://www.mfjenterprises.com/produc...rodid=MFJ-1800 .......... Phil |
#3
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Understanding Yagi antenna
"amdx" wrote in message
... The gap in the ribbon would be 0.020", but note; in the pictures a moon shaped piece has been cut from both ends. This decreases what's otherwise taken as a lumped capacitor right at the feed point; this is generally undesirable because it lowers the impedance from the theoretical calcuations. There are 4 toroids on the coax. These are under a piece of heat shrink, so I have no idea what material they would be. Those toroid are a simple but effective balun: Without them, current that's supposed to return to the inner side of the coax's shield instead has a choice between that inner side or the outer side. Currents that flow on the outer side of the coax's shield significantly distory the radiation pattern. The toroids "work" because they look like inductors (hopefully big impedances) to single-ended currents (current trying to go down the coax) while the fields of current going down the center conductor of the coax in addition to those from the same current going down the inside of the shield cancel out to (almost) nothing outside the coax and therefore the ferrite toroids aren't "seen." Driven element impedance Well, if you're driving it with 50 ohm coax, it should be realtively close to 50 ohms at resonance! ---Joel |
#4
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Understanding Yagi antenna
"Joel Kolstad" wrote in message ... "amdx" wrote in message ... The gap in the ribbon would be 0.020", but note; in the pictures a moon shaped piece has been cut from both ends. This decreases what's otherwise taken as a lumped capacitor right at the feed point; this is generally undesirable because it lowers the impedance from the theoretical calcuations. There are 4 toroids on the coax. These are under a piece of heat shrink, so I have no idea what material they would be. Those toroid are a simple but effective balun: Without them, current that's supposed to return to the inner side of the coax's shield instead has a choice between that inner side or the outer side. Currents that flow on the outer side of the coax's shield significantly distory the radiation pattern. The toroids "work" because they look like inductors (hopefully big impedances) to single-ended currents (current trying to go down the coax) while the fields of current going down the center conductor of the coax in addition to those from the same current going down the inside of the shield cancel out to (almost) nothing outside the coax and therefore the ferrite toroids aren't "seen." Driven element impedance Well, if you're driving it with 50 ohm coax, it should be realtively close to 50 ohms at resonance! I was surprised there was no matching section, I thought a folded dipole would have a higher impedance than 50 ohms. What type toroid material would be used at 2.4Ghz, and I'm thinking it would look resistive at that frequency. Thanks for the input, Mike |
#5
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Understanding Yagi antenna
"amdx" I was surprised there was no matching section, I thought a folded dipole would have a higher impedance than 50 ohms. ** A folded dipole, * all on its own * presents 300 ohms at resonance. But when surrounded by directors and a reflector, the impedance changes dramatically. Simple to arrange things so the impedance drops to 50 ohms, to match standard RF feeder co-ax. What type toroid material would be used at 2.4Ghz, and I'm thinking it would look resistive at that frequency. ** Ferrites exist that work well at GHz. http://www.univ.trieste.it/~carrato/.../murata_sf.pdf ....... Phil |
#6
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Understanding Yagi antenna
"Fred Abse" wrote in message newsan.2007.09.16.12.12.19.35340@cerebrumconfus. it... On Sat, 15 Sep 2007 14:36:05 -0500, amdx wrote: I was surprised there was no matching section, I thought a folded dipole would have a higher impedance than 50 ohms. It does. Around 300 ohms. However, adding parasitic elements reduces the feedpoint impedance. -- "Electricity is of two kinds, positive and negative. The difference is, I presume, that one comes a little more expensive, but is more durable; the other is a cheaper thing, but the moths get into it." (Stephen Leacock) .... is that so? A folded dipole (thin, half-wave, symmetrical) has the same gain as a non-folded one but a terminal resistance of about 300 ohms as opposed to about 73 ohms for a non-folded dipole (two prongs, often written as 75 ohms). Doubling the number of closely-coupled conductors divides the input current to half in each, and the radiation resistance of each conductor must be half the radiation resistance of the whole antenna. When a pair of terminals is applied at the mid point of only one of the conductors the apparent terminal impedance is that of a non-folded dipole raised to the power of 2. The most common form of balun used with folded dipoles is a half-wavelength of transmission line (of any characteristic impedance!) between the dipole terminals, one of which is connected to the feeder (and all screens are connected together if co-ax is used). This also acts as a transformer with a turns-ratio of 2:1 (it produces the same voltage in antiphase at its far end), so the 300 ohms of the folded dipole is transformed down to about 75 ohms. We looked inside the balun of a J-Beam folded dipole from a 3-element Yagi, for 50 ohms, and couldn't find any component or circuitry other than the half-wave line between the dipole terminals, and it did look like 50 ohms on a network analyser. I've seen a 'genetic algorithm' program for Yagi design that took the required terminal impedance as an input parameter, along with things like gain and front/back ratio. Hope this helps. Chris |
#7
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Understanding Yagi antenna
amdx wrote:
I've posted a picture on alt.binaires.schematics.electronic to an effort to help me get a better understanding of an antenna. It is a 2.4Ghz antenna about 18" long. The driven element is a copper ribbon 0.2" wide by 0.032" thick. The copper ribbon forms a loop about 2" wide by 0.625" tall. The gap in the ribbon would be 0.020", but note; in the pictures a moon shaped piece has been cut from both ends. I think this moon cut effectively make the gap look larger. The total coax length is 2.350", the shield a bit shorter at 2.08". There are 4 toroids on the coax. These are under a piece of heat shrink, so I have no idea what material they would be. All element spacings are all equal and element lengths are within .030" of each other. I think they were designed to be the same but manufacturing tolerances made the differences. The reflector is longer. So now what can the group tell me about; Driven element impedance the gap coax length impedance transformation the 4 toroids Thanks for the help, if you need any other details let me know. Mike why not consider getting high gain and directional antenas like a yagi, but much smaller footprint and occupied volume! www.fwt.niat.net Best regards and happy designing marc http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll...MESE:IT&ih=020 link to actual mixer site www.fwt.niat.net amazing antennas http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=LVMarc video instructions antenna VOIP adapter BS benevolent Stuff for engineers |
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