1. May mean there is not a line of horizontal blocking between the
vertical studs.
Blocking in this case would be used to reduce the vertical "span" of
the studs.
2. May mean that two trimmers are needed to support each end of the
header.
The header is the horizontal member spanning the top of the opening.
Smaller openings need only one trimmer or cripple at each end of the
header.
Since it has been "called out consistently" the builder may be slow in
meeting minimum standards.
The comment about a "permanent sump pump" suggests there is a long term
condition.
That condition could become a problem if not addressed.

You appear to be doing this one on one with the builder.
It is not time to get upset.
It might be time to find someone to compare the contract documents to
the built conditions.

I'm a registerd architect working with a builder on documentation of
residential building failures.
We have lots of work.

TB