If the wind is strong enough to get under the shingle, it's only a matter of
mechanics that the shingle will break off and blow away.

That really gets down to how well the "self sealing" tabs work. Fortunately it
is always hot enough here so they lay down and the goo is "gooy". They are
supposed to put down a strip of cement on the edges of the roof to keep the
"rip" from starting there.
You are right that the quality ultimately depends on the installer.
I did try to be a good homeowner, stay out of their way and keep the cold water
coming, so my guys did a pretty good job.