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No one is claiming anything is out of phase with itself.
The simple statement was made that one of the hot legs
of a 240V dryer is out of phase with the other by 180 degrees.
Look at them on a scope, what do you see? Phase in this
context is just the relationship of one waveform to another.
Two waveforms can differ in phase from 0 to 360 deg. With a
sine wave, when one differs from the other by 180 deg, they
can also be said to be the opposite of each other.

Re-read what I wrote, and what you and others are trying to
assert. Think really hard about it. The secondary of a
residential transformer only has "one" winding. It is fluxed
by "one" winding. Meaning that it is not a poly-phase system
Hence, no phase shift. How the primary winding is powered
varies, and just might use two phases of a three phase system,
yet since there is only one secondary winding, the secondary
winding only has one phase angle. Zero offset between the hot
legs and the center tap for there is only one winding and either
side of the center tap is at the same phase angle as the other.

To kill two birds with one stone.

In the utility world, the term "phase" references one leg (output)
of a poly-phase system. This does not matter if the transformer
is delta or wye. I would say the same thing about generators, but
you would be hard pressed to find a three-phase delta generator.
(trying to get a ground reference is a pain in the ass and cost a
a lot more money). The three outputs are called A, B, and C. There
is more about delta systems, but that does not pertain to this
conversation.

Around here, Arkansas, they supply the primary with one hot and a
neutral. In the Bay Area, Ca, the primary uses two hots. Not
necessarily poly-phase in origin, but the closer you are to commercial
buildings, and such, the greater the chance that this is the case.

Regardless, a three phase wye generator and/or transformer is the only
true power source on the grid that has a "neutral". Something you will
not see around your meter-main, ever (unless you are very lucky :-)).

I could go on, but another football game started...