Most old double hung windows have long since been painted or caulked
so that the top sash does not move.
Removing the storm window allows access to both sashes. Repairs and
glazing can be applied in this manner without further damage or
effort.
As designed the lower sash was removable from the inside, by
removing the interior trim along the inside edge of each window.
As designed the outer sash was removable from the inside, by
removing the parting bead, the rectangular shaped piece of vertical
wood between the sashes. After all these years of paint and caulk it
is not likely to come out with ease. Chances are it will break during
removal.
So removing the storm window is your best option for repairing these.

Windows like this can be easily opened by tapping the corner of a 1" putty knife
into the "gap" between the window and the trim, then straightening it so the
flat tip is evenly maybe 1/4" in between the window and the trim. Then, use a
hammer to tap the edge of the blade, guideing it with your hand on the handle so
it moves through the "gap", breaking the paint connection. Done carefully, this
can free the window without damage.