dennis@home wrote:

Same for one engine failing on takeoff..drop the prop back to feather
and pull the throttle, and make the testee fly it up to safe altitude
after a 'touch and go'

Aeroplanes not toys.
The simulators cost more than some £25k Cessna so they do simple stuff
in them.
It won't teach you anything about what happens when the wings are nearly
torn off by wind shear or what happens with icing or when both engines
fail.

Dennis, it is quite obvious from that statement that you have no history
in the aerospace industry.

An aircraft would have to suffer very extreme damage to have its wings
nearly torn off. Even then, there is enough integrity in the structure
for the aircraft to land, providing it can see the ground.

When an aircraft is made, there is a test bed, or three that does the
following.

1 The aircraft air frame is subjected to very intensive flight testing.
Most of this is done on the ground, in a rig that stresses it to find
out which bits are going to break first. This is done at a far greater
flight time of any aircraft that is in service. When something breaks,
instructions are sent out to all owners of that type of aircraft, so
they can examine it, to see if it is suffering the same problem. Usually
as a PWI (preliminary warning instruction) This then gets included in
the manufacturer recommended service schedule if feed back proves to be
a problem. Owners of that type of aircraft would be stupid to ignore
this PWI.

2 As a result of mechanical changes to the flying surfaces, a flying
test bed is used to provide info on how any changes could effect the
aircraft's flying capabilities.

3 Any controls and electronics on the aircraft and changes to them, by
the manufacturer, are logged so any owner, or operator is aware of any
problems.

Dave