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-   -   Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting (https://www.diybanter.com/metalworking/371661-adding-vibration-lathe-cutting-tool-aid-cutting.html)

amdx[_3_] June 10th 14 05:30 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of tool
movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek

Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 10th 14 05:59 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"amdx" wrote in message
...
Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer
to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of
tool movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was
never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


You could experiment by boring out steel water pipe with a 1/2"
diameter by 8" long boring bar. You won't need the transducer.
-jsw



Ned Simmons June 10th 14 07:17 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 11:30:10 -0500, amdx wrote:

Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of tool
movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


What was it supposed to do? Reduce chip welding? Help with breaking
chips?

I've experimented with one of these entirely mechanical devices:
http://www.botek.de/products/single-...guage=en&cl=en
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtWYAA3fAaA

The oscillation is axial and the amplitude is pretty small, on the
order of a few tenths to a few thousandths. But that's in the range of
the feed per rev of a gun drill, so it's effective at thinning and
breaking the chips.

--
Ned Simmons

Gunner Asch[_6_] June 10th 14 10:36 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 12:59:47 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

"amdx" wrote in message
...
Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer
to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of
tool movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was
never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


You could experiment by boring out steel water pipe with a 1/2"
diameter by 8" long boring bar. You won't need the transducer.
-jsw


ROFLMAO!! Indeed!!



"Libertarianism IS fascism... Fascism is corporate government – a Libertarian’s wet dream"
Tala Brandeis
Owner at Tala Brandeis Associates"

Larry Jaques[_4_] June 11th 14 02:50 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 12:59:47 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

"amdx" wrote in message
...
Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer
to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of
tool movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was
never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


You could experiment by boring out steel water pipe with a 1/2"
diameter by 8" long boring bar. You won't need the transducer.


Yes, but he wants _industrial_production_line_ chatter, Jim.

--
It is characteristic of all deep human problems that they are
not to be approached without some humor and some bewilderment.
-- Freeman Dyson

Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 11th 14 03:11 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
...
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 12:59:47 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

"amdx" wrote in message
...
Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer
to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of
tool movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was
never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


You could experiment by boring out steel water pipe with a 1/2"
diameter by 8" long boring bar. You won't need the transducer.


Yes, but he wants _industrial_production_line_ chatter, Jim.


Machinists gossiping about "Scandal"???

Sorry, I made example #1 of products and the applicable test stations,
but deviously evaded entanglement in their subsequent mass production.
-jsw



Howard Beal[_2_] June 11th 14 05:07 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 

"Jim Wilkins" wrote in message
...

Sorry, I made example #1 of products and the applicable test stations, but
deviously evaded entanglement in their subsequent mass production.
-jsw


Using a higgs field generator prevents any entanglement in mass production.

Best Regards
Tom.




Gunner Asch[_6_] June 11th 14 10:26 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 21:07:10 -0700, "Howard Beal"
wrote:


"Jim Wilkins" wrote in message
...

Sorry, I made example #1 of products and the applicable test stations, but
deviously evaded entanglement in their subsequent mass production.
-jsw


Using a higgs field generator prevents any entanglement in mass production.

Best Regards
Tom.


But what do you do with the extra Bolsons?


"Libertarianism IS fascism... Fascism is corporate government – a Libertarian’s wet dream"
Tala Brandeis
Owner at Tala Brandeis Associates"

Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 11th 14 12:03 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 

"Gunner Asch" wrote in message
...
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 21:07:10 -0700, "Howard Beal"
wrote:


"Jim Wilkins" wrote in message
...

Sorry, I made example #1 of products and the applicable test
stations, but
deviously evaded entanglement in their subsequent mass production.
-jsw


Using a higgs field generator prevents any entanglement in mass
production.

Best Regards
Tom.


But what do you do with the extra Bolsons?


A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver. Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.



amdx[_3_] June 11th 14 04:42 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On 6/10/2014 1:17 PM, Ned Simmons wrote:
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 11:30:10 -0500, amdx wrote:

Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of tool
movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


What was it supposed to do? Reduce chip welding? Help with breaking
chips?

I've experimented with one of these entirely mechanical devices:
http://www.botek.de/products/single-...guage=en&cl=en
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtWYAA3fAaA

The oscillation is axial and the amplitude is pretty small, on the
order of a few tenths to a few thousandths. But that's in the range of
the feed per rev of a gun drill, so it's effective at thinning and
breaking the chips.

I watched the video, That could have been the idea behind the
ultrasound applied to a cutting tool. I seem to have a memory about
cutting extremely hard materials also.
Others seem to have shown some ignorance on the subject, but that's ok,
it is only because they are ignorant on the subject. So they poke fun.:-)
Mikek

---
This email is free from viruses and malware because avast! Antivirus protection is active.
http://www.avast.com


Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 11th 14 05:26 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"amdx" wrote in message
...
Others seem to have shown some ignorance on the subject, but that's
ok,
it is only because they are ignorant on the subject. So they poke
fun.:-)
Mikek


Lighten up, r.c.m is a tough audience for me too.
-jsw



amdx[_3_] June 11th 14 06:47 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On 6/11/2014 11:26 AM, Jim Wilkins wrote:
"amdx" wrote in message
...
Others seem to have shown some ignorance on the subject, but that's
ok,
it is only because they are ignorant on the subject. So they poke
fun.:-)
Mikek


Lighten up, r.c.m is a tough audience for me too.
-jsw


Aw, I wasn't that hard on them :-)
You want to see a tough audience, see rec.boats.
Not much boat info, but a lot of entertainment.
In there, if you don't agree with a liberal philosophy
you are obviously a racist.
Mikek

---
This email is free from viruses and malware because avast! Antivirus protection is active.
http://www.avast.com


Gunner Asch[_6_] June 11th 14 07:57 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Wed, 11 Jun 2014 10:42:25 -0500, amdx wrote:

On 6/10/2014 1:17 PM, Ned Simmons wrote:
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 11:30:10 -0500, amdx wrote:

Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of tool
movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek


What was it supposed to do? Reduce chip welding? Help with breaking
chips?

I've experimented with one of these entirely mechanical devices:
http://www.botek.de/products/single-...guage=en&cl=en
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtWYAA3fAaA

The oscillation is axial and the amplitude is pretty small, on the
order of a few tenths to a few thousandths. But that's in the range of
the feed per rev of a gun drill, so it's effective at thinning and
breaking the chips.


So how well did it work?



I watched the video, That could have been the idea behind the
ultrasound applied to a cutting tool. I seem to have a memory about
cutting extremely hard materials also.
Others seem to have shown some ignorance on the subject, but that's ok,
it is only because they are ignorant on the subject. So they poke fun.:-)
Mikek

---
This email is free from viruses and malware because avast! Antivirus protection is active.
http://www.avast.com


"Libertarianism IS fascism... Fascism is corporate government – a Libertarian’s wet dream"
Tala Brandeis
Owner at Tala Brandeis Associates"

Howard Beal[_2_] June 11th 14 10:08 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 

"Gunner Asch" wrote in message
...
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 21:07:10 -0700, "Howard Beal"
wrote:


"Jim Wilkins" wrote in message
...

Sorry, I made example #1 of products and the applicable test stations,
but
deviously evaded entanglement in their subsequent mass production.
-jsw


Using a higgs field generator prevents any entanglement in mass
production.

Best Regards
Tom.


But what do you do with the extra Bolsons?


We use them to make Primordial Soup.

Best Regards
Tom.



Gunner Asch[_6_] June 12th 14 01:00 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Wed, 11 Jun 2014 14:08:18 -0700, "Howard Beal"
wrote:


"Gunner Asch" wrote in message
.. .
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 21:07:10 -0700, "Howard Beal"
wrote:


"Jim Wilkins" wrote in message
...

Sorry, I made example #1 of products and the applicable test stations,
but
deviously evaded entanglement in their subsequent mass production.
-jsw

Using a higgs field generator prevents any entanglement in mass
production.

Best Regards
Tom.


But what do you do with the extra Bolsons?


We use them to make Primordial Soup.

Best Regards
Tom.

Kin I have some? Kin I kin I??!!!


"Libertarianism IS fascism... Fascism is corporate government – a Libertarian’s wet dream"
Tala Brandeis
Owner at Tala Brandeis Associates"

Michael A. Terrell June 12th 14 03:34 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 

Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver. Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.



The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


--
Anyone wanting to run for any political office in the US should have to
have a DD214, and a honorable discharge.

---
This email is free from viruses and malware because avast! Antivirus protection is active.
http://www.avast.com


Ned Simmons June 12th 14 04:14 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Wed, 11 Jun 2014 11:57:26 -0700, Gunner Asch
wrote:

On Wed, 11 Jun 2014 10:42:25 -0500, amdx wrote:

On 6/10/2014 1:17 PM, Ned Simmons wrote:
On Tue, 10 Jun 2014 11:30:10 -0500, amdx wrote:

Years ago I worked a ultrasound equipment manufacturer, one client
wanted a lathe tool holder modified with our ultrasonic transducer to
vibrate the tool 40,000 to 600,000 times a second. The amount of tool
movement is small (micrometers) and adjustable. The job was never completed.

Is this something that is in production?

Do you see how it would help in cutting.

Mikek

What was it supposed to do? Reduce chip welding? Help with breaking
chips?

I've experimented with one of these entirely mechanical devices:
http://www.botek.de/products/single-...guage=en&cl=en
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtWYAA3fAaA

The oscillation is axial and the amplitude is pretty small, on the
order of a few tenths to a few thousandths. But that's in the range of
the feed per rev of a gun drill, so it's effective at thinning and
breaking the chips.


So how well did it work?


I got the thing set up and running and it did pretty much what the
video shows. Someone else took over to test it in production and I
haven't asked how it worked in practice.

--
Ned Simmons

Larry Jaques[_4_] June 13th 14 03:03 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver. Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.



The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg

--
It is characteristic of all deep human problems that they are
not to be approached without some humor and some bewilderment.
-- Freeman Dyson

Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 13th 14 03:32 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
...
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver.
Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.



The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that
picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg


I incident I wish was recorded was my boss showing me a sensitive and
expensive microwave Active Mixer he wanted in the circuit. He was
holding it between thumb and forefinger when he pointed with it to the
schematic on the large CAD CRT, which had built up quite a charge on
its front surface.

ZAP!--OH ****!

I was concerned that the engineers would pick up the hot end of an
iron left out of its holder. Upper management wouldn't recognize it as
a tool.
-jsw





Martin Eastburn June 13th 14 04:10 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On 6/12/2014 9:03 PM, Larry Jaques wrote:
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver. Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.



The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg

--
It is characteristic of all deep human problems that they are
not to be approached without some humor and some bewilderment.
-- Freeman Dyson

If so - send it upstairs for a training video!

Martin

Michael A. Terrell June 13th 14 04:22 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 

Larry Jaques wrote:

On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver. Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.



The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg



I wish! It would go viral in a hurry.


--
Anyone wanting to run for any political office in the US should have to
have a DD214, and a honorable discharge.

---
This email is free from viruses and malware because avast! Antivirus protection is active.
http://www.avast.com


Larry Jaques[_4_] June 13th 14 05:25 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 22:32:46 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
.. .
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver.
Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.


The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that
picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg


I incident I wish was recorded was my boss showing me a sensitive and
expensive microwave Active Mixer he wanted in the circuit. He was
holding it between thumb and forefinger when he pointed with it to the
schematic on the large CAD CRT, which had built up quite a charge on
its front surface.

ZAP!--OH ****!


Har! Did he kill it?


I was concerned that the engineers would pick up the hot end of an
iron left out of its holder. Upper management wouldn't recognize it as
a tool.


snort

--
There is s no such thing as a hyphenated American who is
a good American.* The only man who is a good American is
the man who is an American and nothing else.* We are a
nation, not a hodge-podge of foreign nationalities.* We
are a people, and not a polyglot boarding house.
--Theodore Roosevelt

pyotr filipivich June 13th 14 05:50 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"Jim Wilkins" on Thu, 12 Jun 2014 22:32:46
-0400 typed in rec.crafts.metalworking the following:
"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
.. .
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:

A steady stream of Bozons cycled through the job of Production
misManager. The nameplate by the door was a chalkboard.

The interview test was to have them pick up a screwdriver.
Grabbing
the blade end qualified them for management.


The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that
picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg


I incident I wish was recorded was my boss showing me a sensitive and
expensive microwave Active Mixer he wanted in the circuit. He was
holding it between thumb and forefinger when he pointed with it to the
schematic on the large CAD CRT, which had built up quite a charge on
its front surface.

ZAP!--OH ****!

I was concerned that the engineers would pick up the hot end of an
iron left out of its holder. Upper management wouldn't recognize it as
a tool.


"Doesn't take me long to inspect an iron."

tschus
pyotr
--
pyotr filipivich
"With Age comes Wisdom. Although more often, Age travels alone."

Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 13th 14 12:29 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
...
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 22:32:46 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

I incident I wish was recorded was my boss showing me a sensitive
and
expensive microwave Active Mixer he wanted in the circuit. He was
holding it between thumb and forefinger when he pointed with it to
the
schematic on the large CAD CRT, which had built up quite a charge on
its front surface.

ZAP!--OH ****!


Har! Did he kill it?


We had to assume so, since to test it we would have had to solder it
on the board along with all the other expensive parts, and didn't have
the hot air rework station to properly remove them. The board was a
special low-loss material for 1GHz controlled-impedance circuits,
with unknown desoldering properties, similar to the material used in
oscilloscope inputs.



Larry Jaques[_4_] June 13th 14 02:58 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Fri, 13 Jun 2014 07:29:14 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
.. .
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 22:32:46 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

I incident I wish was recorded was my boss showing me a sensitive
and
expensive microwave Active Mixer he wanted in the circuit. He was
holding it between thumb and forefinger when he pointed with it to
the
schematic on the large CAD CRT, which had built up quite a charge on
its front surface.

ZAP!--OH ****!


Har! Did he kill it?


We had to assume so, since to test it we would have had to solder it
on the board along with all the other expensive parts, and didn't have
the hot air rework station to properly remove them. The board was a
special low-loss material for 1GHz controlled-impedance circuits,
with unknown desoldering properties, similar to the material used in
oscilloscope inputs.


Major Oops! I'm thinking "He's lucky he was a manager."

--
There is s no such thing as a hyphenated American who is
a good American.* The only man who is a good American is
the man who is an American and nothing else.* We are a
nation, not a hodge-podge of foreign nationalities.* We
are a people, and not a polyglot boarding house.
--Theodore Roosevelt

Jim Wilkins[_2_] June 13th 14 05:40 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
...
On Fri, 13 Jun 2014 07:29:14 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

ZAP!--OH ****!

Har! Did he kill it?


We had to assume so, ...


Major Oops! I'm thinking "He's lucky he was a manager."


[That place] was truly a country club, which is great unless you're a
caddy.

For another reason not to use the part, see 2.1 Latent Failures:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/ssya010a/ssya010a.pdf

-jsw



Gunner Asch[_6_] June 13th 14 09:55 PM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On Fri, 13 Jun 2014 12:40:30 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

"Larry Jaques" wrote in message
.. .
On Fri, 13 Jun 2014 07:29:14 -0400, "Jim Wilkins"
wrote:

ZAP!--OH ****!

Har! Did he kill it?

We had to assume so, ...


Major Oops! I'm thinking "He's lucky he was a manager."


[That place] was truly a country club, which is great unless you're a
caddy.

For another reason not to use the part, see 2.1 Latent Failures:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/ssya010a/ssya010a.pdf

-jsw

Hey thanks! Fascinating document!

Gunner

"Libertarianism IS fascism... Fascism is corporate government – a Libertarian’s wet dream"
Tala Brandeis
Owner at Tala Brandeis Associates"

DoN. Nichols[_2_] June 14th 14 05:24 AM

Adding vibration to lathe cutting tool to aid cutting
 
On 2014-06-13, Larry Jaques wrote:
On Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:34:05 -0400, "Michael A. Terrell"
wrote:


Jim Wilkins wrote:


[ ... ]

The next test was with a hot soldering iron. The ones that picked it
up my the element were qualified for upper management.


You have -videos- of this, I hope? vbg


I don't know about employment tests, but I remember one ad in
one of the industrial electronics magazines (back in the late 1960s or
early 1970s) for a company who wanted to take over your electronics
assembly work. They did not get one of the girls off the line. They
either went out and got the boss's secretary or some other particularly
attractive lady -- or hired a model.

She put on the lab coat, sat at the bench, and picked up the
soldering iron to pose for the photo. It was one of those Ungar ones
with a ceramic heating element past the cork insulated grip on the
Bakelite handle. She was holding it *by* the ceramic eating element.

Based on her expression in the photo, it was not plugged in. :-)
(And, based on the color of the heating element, it had *never* been
plugged in.)

Enjoy,
DoN.

--
Remove oil spill source from e-mail
Email: | (KV4PH) Voice (all times): (703) 938-4564
(too) near Washington D.C. | http://www.d-and-d.com/dnichols/DoN.html
--- Black Holes are where God is dividing by zero ---


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