How realistic is this to fish a wire from the first floor to the
second floor with only one hole in each floor without opening another
hole near the ceiling of the first floor?

You might get lucky. I just finished running cable from the second floor to the
attic, down to the basement across to the rear addition. We had "balloon
framing", wall cavities that run from attic to basement, some not insulated.
Bad for fires and heat loss good for running stuff up and down. I only had two
holes in the finished walls. Best of luck.