UL is now accepted as equivalent to CSA approval in Canada.
This is incorrect.
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UL alone is not an approval that is recognized in Canada, neither is CE. For example, if
the power cord of a UL device is not CSA approved, the device will not meet CSA standards.
cUL is the only approved device, it doesn't have to be tested in Canada, but it must meet
CSA standards.
ETL is another such approval that is recognized, I believe it also must say cETL. If it
doesn't it isn't.
Most products entering Canada that are not CSA approved get inspected here, but only the
bare minimum inspection is performed :ie: CSA recognized power cable, fuse and holder,
grounding, dielectric strength test of transformers, does the plastic fail the burn test
if the components aren't tested for flame resistance, venting must be within guidelines,
etc...
Entela is one such company that inspects equipment, you will usually find a blue sticker
(for Entela) or a white sticker for other such inspection companies. This does not mean
it meets full CSA standards.
Thus, Canadians will probably start seeing UL-only approved
materials in stores, and Americans the same regarding
CSA-only.
What??? again, UL approval means nothing in Canada..... It must be cUL minimum, look
carefully at the UL symbol, if it has a c in the 7 o'clock position, it is approved, if
not, it isn't, period, end of story.....
It is unlawful for a store to sell a device that is not CSA, cUL (ULC) or ETL approved or
otherwise.... (electrical devices that is, that plug in, we are even talking wall
warts....)
In North America the utility companies are required
to supply a split-phase 240 volt (+-5%) feed to your house.
This works out as two 120V +- 5% legs. Additionally, since there
are resistive voltage drops in the house wiring, it's not
unreasonable to find 120V has dropped to 110V or 240V has dropped
to 220V by the time the power reaches a wall outlet
Incorrect, they supply single phase 220V, there is a phase angle between the two that make
up a 220V potential, period. When you take one leg of the single phase supply and measure
the potential between neutral and "hot", you get 120V. It is not an additive thing,
120+120 = 240... no no. Just like three phase power, 120V+120V= 208V, and 3 phase 600V =
347+347=600V. Catch the drift?? We are talking phase angles here as well....
Your local voltage can drop to 110V when the local demand is high (peak times especially).
In keeping with 110V versus 120V strangeness, motors intended
to run on 480V three phase are often labelled as 440V...
In Canada, old equipment used to be marked 575V, and other various. New equipment will
only be marked 600V if it is capable of doing so.
BTW: UL doesn't require full labeling of equipment, CSA does ie: replace fuse with same
type and rating, P, V, W, A, or at least V, A, and fuse requirement if any. If a device
has a circuit breaker and it says fuse on the label, this is not acceptable.
one of the other wires will be white (or black with white or
yellow stripes, or sometimes simply black). It is the neutral wire.
It is connected to the "centre tap" (CEC; "center tap" in the
NEC ;-) of the distribution transformer supplying the power. It
is connected to the grounding conductor in only one place (often
inside the panel). The neutral and ground should not be connected
anywhere else. Otherwise, weird and/or dangerous things may happen.
Incorrect, house wiring at least in my neighbourhood distributes the two hots, and your
neutral is picked up from Ground...
In a three phase 600V-208V transformer, neutral is picked up at ground.... There should
never be a potential betwen ground and neutral, some panels even have a screw combining
the Neutral bus to ground.... The potential between the two hots is 220V, but between
ground and hot (neutral) you get 120V.
Anyhow, going back to UL being ok for Canada, this is false. Any Canadian thinking this
is true should check into this further. I've worked for a distribution company, working
with an inspection company making certain the product we imported from China and USA and
elsewhere in the world meets CSA electrical standards.
A retailer is not allowed to sell a non CSA listed electrical device in Canada, do you
know how hard it was to get CSA approval on something as simple as rope light?!?! That
stuff is dangerous in the wrong hands (you've got exposed wiring on the end if not capped
off).
Some US devices have voltage switches on the back, if it is not covered (ie: plastic
window that requires tool access to move) or doesn't require tool access in another
fashion, it is not going to pass CSA approval. UL and CSA, not the same thing. cUL and
cETL are equivalent, yes....
And some of your Ontario Hydro information is from 1990.... Umm, that is 14 years old.....
Codes have changed, I'm not an electrician, but in my line of work, I have to know the
electrical code inside out....
Whenever BX cable is terminated at a box with a clamp, small
plastic bushings must be inserted in the end of the cable to
prevent the clamps forcing the sharp ends of the armor through
the insulation.
They are called anti-shorts, they are usually red.
The CEC is slightly different. The CEC never permits cable
armor as a grounding conductor. However, you must still
provide ground continuity for metallic sheath. The CEC also
requires grounding of any metal cable clamps on plastic boxes.
This statement needs to be changed, a BX armour cable's exterior armour is not allowed to
be used as a ground conductor, ever.... Conduit can be used as a ground in some areas of
Canada, although on some installations I've observed, a seperate ground wire was pulled
through the conduit as per code.
Once again, CSA and UL are not the same. Thanks....
--
Myron Samila
Toronto, ON Canada
Samila Racing
http://204.101.251.229/myronx19