If you (spendy) source a servo-rated BLDC motor, it will tolerate all sorts of abuse, and may be loaded to a dead-stop without damage. And, if you are going to be doing this - purchase the correct speed control rated for the full shorted load of the motor. As there are no brushes, that is not the same as a short-circuit as it would be in a brush-type DC motor.

Peter Wieck
Melrose Park, PA