On Sun, 08 Jan 2017 17:04:12 -0600, "01001100110"
wrote:

If a refrigerator, microwave, large toaster oven, deep fryer, blender, are on the same breaker, would that be too much?

What should be the maximum number of wall plugs on one breaker?

Should the overhead light be on a different breaker?

There's a break in a wire that's knocked out all power in the kitchen.

In a kitchen, there is a pretty well defined rule about circuits.
You have a minimum of two 20 amp "small appliance" circuits for those
cord and plug appliances. You are certainly allowed to have more. The
code is silent about what you plug in.
When it comes to fixed in place appliances like the disposal, they are
supposed to be on another circuit and if they use more than 50% of the
circuit rating, nothing else should be on that circuit. Typically you
still might see the disposal and dish washer on the same circuit and
it usually works fine.
The lights are not allowed to be on a small appliance circuit. The
fridge can be on a 20a small appliance circuit or on a 15a dedicated
refrigeration circuit with very few exceptions about what can be on
that circuit (stove igniter or a clock)
Typically the overhead light will be on a general lighting circuit
with other loads in the home.

Also breakers do not trip at 80%, it might actually be more like 150%
or more for short duration loads like the startup of the fridge or
blender. It should hold the rated load forever. Each manufacturer has
their own trip curves online.
The 80% comes in the recommended continuous load. That is already
built into the acceptable breaker for small conductors (#14 & #12) so
if you run a 20a on a 12ga wire, it is already taking into account the
80% safety factor. (12ga is actually rated at 25a)