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Eric Mackie February 23rd 05 08:34 PM

Toaster Problem
 
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric



Chuck Harris February 23rd 05 09:06 PM

Most cheap toasters have only one temperature sensor, and it is in the
vicinity of only one slot in the toaster. If you put the toast in a
slot that doesn't have the temperature sensor, the toaster will quit almost
immediately because the temperature sensor relies on the bread to absorb
some of the heat...No bread, no absorbtion.

Look on the top of the toaster there should be a mark telling you which
slot to use for single slices.

-Chuck

Eric Mackie wrote:
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric



Eric Mackie February 23rd 05 09:14 PM

I am always toasting two pieces of bread so that can't be the problem. By
the way, it was three different brands of toaster that I tried.

Thanks

Eric

"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...
Most cheap toasters have only one temperature sensor, and it is in the
vicinity of only one slot in the toaster. If you put the toast in a
slot that doesn't have the temperature sensor, the toaster will quit

almost
immediately because the temperature sensor relies on the bread to absorb
some of the heat...No bread, no absorbtion.

Look on the top of the toaster there should be a mark telling you which
slot to use for single slices.

-Chuck

Eric Mackie wrote:
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of

them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the

problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric





sofie February 23rd 05 11:06 PM

Eric:
TAKE the toaster to a friend's or relative's home and try it there.... if
it then works OK you maybe should have the power company or an electrician
come to your home to check things out.
--
Best Regards,
Daniel Sofie
Electronics Supply & Repair
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


"Eric Mackie" wrote in message
news:ln6Td.361$TB.23@edtnps84...
I am always toasting two pieces of bread so that can't be the problem. By
the way, it was three different brands of toaster that I tried.

Thanks

Eric

"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...
Most cheap toasters have only one temperature sensor, and it is in the
vicinity of only one slot in the toaster. If you put the toast in a
slot that doesn't have the temperature sensor, the toaster will quit

almost
immediately because the temperature sensor relies on the bread to absorb
some of the heat...No bread, no absorbtion.

Look on the top of the toaster there should be a mark telling you which
slot to use for single slices.

-Chuck

Eric Mackie wrote:
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of

them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the

toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the

problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside

my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric







Chuck Harris February 24th 05 12:04 AM

If you are having trouble with 3 different brands of toaster, than either
you are toasting wierd bread, or you aren't getting 120V to the toaster.

The most likely answer is you have a bad neutral connection at the pole pig
transformer, or meter, or your service panel. Turn on all the lights in the
house, and see if some of them get brighter when the toaster is on.

-Chuck

Eric Mackie wrote:
I am always toasting two pieces of bread so that can't be the problem. By
the way, it was three different brands of toaster that I tried.

Thanks

Eric

"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...


NSM February 24th 05 12:28 AM


"Eric Mackie" wrote in message
news:BN5Td.353$TB.104@edtnps84...
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.


Look underneath. There's often a master adjustment.

N



James Sweet February 24th 05 03:27 AM


"Eric Mackie" wrote in message
news:BN5Td.353$TB.104@edtnps84...
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric



Crappy toasters?

Have you tried a different model? I've had good experience with the ones
using an electronic control as they time the toast rather than work off the
heating of a bimetallic strip. You could also get a toaster oven with a
mechanical timer, they work well too though they take up a bit more counter
space.



James Sweet February 24th 05 03:28 AM


"Eric Mackie" wrote in message
news:ln6Td.361$TB.23@edtnps84...
I am always toasting two pieces of bread so that can't be the problem. By
the way, it was three different brands of toaster that I tried.

Thanks

Eric



If you have or know someone who has a multimeter, have them test the line
voltage at the outlet when the toaster is on, if it's off by more than +/-
10v of 120v then something is wrong.



James Sweet February 24th 05 03:29 AM


"Ross Herbert" wrote in message
...
On Wed, 23 Feb 2005 19:04:23 -0500, Chuck Harris
wrote:

If you are having trouble with 3 different brands of toaster, than either
you are toasting wierd bread, or you aren't getting 120V to the toaster.

The most likely answer is you have a bad neutral connection at the pole

pig
transformer, or meter, or your service panel. Turn on all the lights in

the
house, and see if some of them get brighter when the toaster is on.

-Chuck


If there was any joint with significant contact resistance then the
lamps would get dimmer when the toaster was switched on. ie. greater
voltage drop across the high resistance joint due to increased current
demand thus less voltage across lamps.


Not if the joint is the neutral at or before the panel, then the two sides
end up in series, apply more load to one side and the voltage drops while
pushing *up* the voltage on the other side.



Jim Adney February 24th 05 04:41 AM

On Wed, 23 Feb 2005 20:34:41 GMT "Eric Mackie"
wrote:

I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?


Have you tried the LIGHTEST setting? The labeling might be confusing.

-
-----------------------------------------------
Jim Adney
Madison, WI 53711 USA
-----------------------------------------------

Ken Weitzel February 24th 05 06:16 AM



Jim Adney wrote:
On Wed, 23 Feb 2005 20:34:41 GMT "Eric Mackie"
wrote:


I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?



Have you tried the LIGHTEST setting? The labeling might be confusing.


Hi...

One more quick possibility if I may? Not possible that
he's toasting fresh "still warm from the bakery" bread,
is he?

I ask only because that takes much, much longer to toast...

Take care.

Ken


Jerry G. February 24th 05 09:11 AM

Put some bread in the toaster, make it toast, and take an AC voltage reading
at the AC outlet where it is plugged in. This will tell you right away, if
the voltage from the utility supplier is correct. If it is correct, you
should take back the toaster, and get another brand.

I had one model of toaster that was the worse one I ever had. I had it
changed 3 times, and was never satisfied. Finally, I changed it for a much
more expensive one where I paid the difference. It has been flawless since
then.

The first toaster was the Delonghi. This one was the biggest piece of crap I
ever had. The engineers who designed this toaster, should be strung up. But,
their toaster ovens are excellent. The engineers who designed their toaster
ovens must not know the ones that designed the Delonghi bread toasters.

The one I ended up with was the Kitchenaid. This one was about 7 times the
price, but it is 10 times the quality, and performance. I had to pay a big
difference for it. If this was not going to work out, I was going to buy the
Hobart.

--

Jerry G.
======


"Eric Mackie" wrote in message
news:BN5Td.353$TB.104@edtnps84...
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric




Chuck Harris February 24th 05 01:58 PM

Ross Herbert wrote:

Perhaps I am missing something here. If the OP has "his own
transformer" which I assume is single phase (MEN ?), then where does
the "both sides ending up in series" come from? In the OP's situation
as I read it there would be only 2 or 3 wires carrying 120 Vac from
the transformer secondary (L & N plus E if required) to his
distribution board. If there was high resistance in the N wire or the
A wire anywhere between the transformer secondary and the toaster then
there would be a voltage drop at this high resistance point and any
lamps connected would dim when the toaster was switched on.

Of course, since I am in Australia where the domestic supply is 240Vac
(single phase) MEN that's how this symptom would manifest itself.
Perhaps I am not reading the situation as it would be where the OP
(and yourself) are located.


Yes, you are missing something. In the USA, we use 120V for normal
domestic service. The standard arrangement is to use a 240V center
tapped transformer with the center tap being the "neutral", or return
lead for the 120V loads.

POLE
TRANSFORMER HOUSE
+------------line-----------+
| |
120V LOAD A
| |
+-------+--- neutral--------+
| | |
120V --- LOAD B
| /// |
+------------line-----------+

Imagine what happens if the wire between the center tap of the transformer
(marked neutral) is removed. If LOAD A, and LOAD B are equal, everything
looks ok, but if LOAD A grows bigger, by let's say, a 1500W toaster, the
system will become unbalanced, and the voltage on LOAD A will decrease, and
the voltage on LOAD B will have to increase.

-Chuck

Terry February 24th 05 10:21 PM


"Ross Herbert" wrote in message
Perhaps I am missing something here. If the OP has "his own
transformer" which I assume is single phase (MEN ?), then where does
the "both sides ending up in series" come from?


Ross think of it this way.

A typical North American service is 'three wire' from the transformer
outside, often pole mounted.

Our service which is typical has a three wire triplex from the service pole
to the metal service mast/conduit on its way to the meter mounted on the
outside of the house.

Consider the middle or centre wire is zero or neutral. Typically white. Note
1.
One outer wire is (sort of) plus 115 volts, this is say red. Leg A.
The other outer wire is (sort of) minus 115 volts, it is say black. Leg B.

I say 'sort of' because this is of course AC at 60 Hz; but use plus/minus to
illustrate; OK?

Leg A and Leg B are the two 'ends' of a single phase 230 volt winding of the
electric company step down 'distribution' transformer. Although they are
sometimes mistakenly called 'phases'! The 230 volt winding is centre tapped
and this is the zero reference point or neutral.


So between Leg A an Leg B there is 230 volts; (with neither wire at zero or
neutral), we use this for heavy appliances such as water heaters, cooking
stoves etc. maybe a welder in a home workshop, my bench saw has a 230 volt
motor for example etc. These 230 volt circuits are connected through two
pole breakers. I also have a 230 volt outlet above the work bench for the
occasional use of anything 230 volt!

There is 115 between the red and neutral and 115 between black and neutral.
Typically the other house circuits, 115 volt lighting, convenience outlets
etc. are evenly distributed between and served through single pole breakers.

We do not seem to use 'Ring Mains' as they do in the UK! Appliance plugs do
not contain fuses.

Individual (radial) lighting circuits typically #14 AWG at 15 amps, outlet
radial circuits either #AWG at 20 amps or #14 AWG at 15 amps.

Ground wires within the residence are either bare wire within the cable
sheath or green.

Note 1. The neutral is grounded 'once' at the main panel where it enters the
house and depending on the jurisdiction there are various bonding
requirements to other utilities such as water pipes etc.

Personally I think it's good system and while 115 volt does result in higher
amperages for some plug in devices those that do use any large amount of
wattage, such as an electric kettle, toaster or a fridge are used
intermittently.

Any help?



NSM February 24th 05 11:32 PM


"Terry" wrote in message
.. .

....
Personally I think it's good system and while 115 volt does result in

higher
amperages for some plug in devices those that do use any large amount of
wattage, such as an electric kettle, toaster or a fridge are used
intermittently.


If they had it to do over again I'm sure they'd pick a voltage from 220 -
240 volts. In most countries that's the only voltage. In the US/Canada there
are so many voltages used, often in the same building, it's bewildering.

N



Chuck Harris February 25th 05 01:43 AM

NSM wrote:
"Terry" wrote in message
.. .

...

Personally I think it's good system and while 115 volt does result in


higher

amperages for some plug in devices those that do use any large amount of
wattage, such as an electric kettle, toaster or a fridge are used
intermittently.



If they had it to do over again I'm sure they'd pick a voltage from 220 -
240 volts. In most countries that's the only voltage. In the US/Canada there
are so many voltages used, often in the same building, it's bewildering.


No, the US wouldn't go to 240V. It is too dangerous. A good part of the reason
we have stuck with a system that has at most 120V to earth ground, is safety.
The usual human's skin resistance is high enough so that 120V won't allow enough
current to pass through the body to cause anything more than discomfort. At 240V,
50/60 Hz AC, death is vastly more likely.

This death risk is to a large part the reason the European safety agencies are so
strict. We don't need to be *that* careful here in the US.

OBTW, The US and Canadian houses have only 2 voltages allowed: 120V, and 240V. That
isn't "so many".

In light industry, and commercial, two other voltages come up as a result of the
3 phase power: If you have 3 phase "Y" power with 120V legs to neutral, you also
get 208V between any pair of legs. If you have 3 phase "Y" power with 240V between
any two pairs of legs, you also get 138V to neutral which is often used for overhead
lighting in office buildings and factories.

Heavy industry has a host of other voltages both here in the US, and in Europe.

-Chuck

NSM February 25th 05 02:21 AM


"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...

No, the US wouldn't go to 240V. It is too dangerous.


Safer that 120 if you do it right.

A good part of the reason
we have stuck with a system that has at most 120V to earth ground, is

safety.
The usual human's skin resistance is high enough so that 120V won't allow

enough
current to pass through the body to cause anything more than discomfort.

At 240V,
50/60 Hz AC, death is vastly more likely.


Couldn't disagree more. It's all about grounding.

This death risk is to a large part the reason the European safety agencies

are so
strict. We don't need to be *that* careful here in the US.


I can tell G!

OBTW, The US and Canadian houses have only 2 voltages allowed: 120V, and

240V. That
isn't "so many".


Plus 208.

In light industry, and commercial, two other voltages come up as a result

of the
3 phase power: If you have 3 phase "Y" power with 120V legs to neutral,

you also
get 208V between any pair of legs. If you have 3 phase "Y" power with

240V between
any two pairs of legs, you also get 138V to neutral which is often used

for overhead
lighting in office buildings and factories.


Down under we use 230/400 only. For truly huge motors in mills etc, we use 3
phase 11 kV direct in.

Here, you have 120, 208, 220, 440, 600, ... hell, I can't remember them all.

Heavy industry has a host of other voltages both here in the US, and in

Europe.

Can't speak for Europe, but I believe they have streamlined their systems.
230 Volts AC is the new international standard - same as New Zealand.

N



NSM February 25th 05 03:14 AM


"Ross Herbert" wrote in message
...
Thanks for the clear explanation. I was not aware that a centre tapped
txfmr was used to derive two 115V feeds for the domestic supply. It is
a neat way of running both 115V and 230V appliances from the one power
source. I suppose that appliances using 230V are hardwired from their
CB's or use a different socket outlet for corded 230V items.


They have different plugs for each appliance on 208/240. One for a dryer,
one for a range. Other things are direct wired. BTW, they also don't use
pole fuses which is why all the dope growers just bypass the meter.

....
Our domestic appliance plugs are 3 pin un-fused and they are a bare
minimum design much like the US plug but with different pin shape and
orientation.


It's called the "Colonial Plug". It's the same as one style of US plug for
240 V.

I have always been impressed by the UK fused plugs which
are far more rugged and practical in my opinion...


IME they tend to burn a little easier, but YMMV.

N



Warren Weber February 25th 05 04:07 AM


"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...
If you are having trouble with 3 different brands of toaster, than either
you are toasting wierd bread, or you aren't getting 120V to the toaster.

The most likely answer is you have a bad neutral connection at the pole
pig
transformer, or meter, or your service panel. Turn on all the lights in
the
house, and see if some of them get brighter when the toaster is on.

-Chuck





Chuck Harris is correct. I have seen this happen. Retired Electric
Utility employee. W W








Eric Mackie wrote:
I am always toasting two pieces of bread so that can't be the problem. By
the way, it was three different brands of toaster that I tried.

Thanks

Eric

"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...




NSM February 25th 05 05:12 AM


"Ross Herbert" wrote in message
...

....
In retrospect it seems that the UK fused plug can become a source of
heat generation, particularly where the fuse clips are loose or
incorrectly tensioned or become corroded...


I've seen past problems with those solid brass pins. Everything needs to be
perfect for good contact. The ANZ style has a little more flexibility and is
safer IMO.

N



NSM February 25th 05 05:12 AM


"Warren Weber" wrote in message
...

Chuck Harris is correct. I have seen this happen. Retired Electric
Utility employee. W W


Ever seen what happens when they reverse the hot and the neutral?

N



Eric Mackie February 25th 05 01:24 PM

Thanks to all the people that replied to my posting.

I have a multi-meter so I tried taking voltage readings with it while
turning on the toaster. I didn't see any significant change in voltage. The
two brands of toaster that I am currently trying are a KitchenAid and a
Krupps. I thought the suggestion to try using the toaster at a friends house
was a good one, so I will try this next. I wonder if I get a so called
electronic toaster, if that might be a solution to my problem?

Thanks
Eric

"Jerry G." wrote in message
...
Put some bread in the toaster, make it toast, and take an AC voltage

reading
at the AC outlet where it is plugged in. This will tell you right away, if
the voltage from the utility supplier is correct. If it is correct, you
should take back the toaster, and get another brand.

I had one model of toaster that was the worse one I ever had. I had it
changed 3 times, and was never satisfied. Finally, I changed it for a much
more expensive one where I paid the difference. It has been flawless since
then.

The first toaster was the Delonghi. This one was the biggest piece of crap

I
ever had. The engineers who designed this toaster, should be strung up.

But,
their toaster ovens are excellent. The engineers who designed their

toaster
ovens must not know the ones that designed the Delonghi bread toasters.

The one I ended up with was the Kitchenaid. This one was about 7 times the
price, but it is 10 times the quality, and performance. I had to pay a big
difference for it. If this was not going to work out, I was going to buy

the
Hobart.

--

Jerry G.
======


"Eric Mackie" wrote in message
news:BN5Td.353$TB.104@edtnps84...
I have bought three toasters (and taken two of them back) and all of them
will not toast properly. I set them on the darkest setting and the toast
pops up barely browned at all. Does anyone have any idea what the problem
could be?

I live in the country and have my own transformer on the pole outside my
house if that makes any difference.

Thanks

Eric






Chuck Harris February 25th 05 02:24 PM

Ross Herbert wrote:
The usual human's skin resistance is high enough so that 120V won't allow enough
current to pass through the body to cause anything more than discomfort. At 240V,
50/60 Hz AC, death is vastly more likely.



Potentially, (no pun intended) there appears to be greater risk of
electrocution with 230/240V compared to 120V, but the actual
circumstances of any situation will have a large bearing on whether a
death is more likely with the higher voltage.


Of course!

In practice, and I don't have the statistics to prove it, I doubt very
much whether the incidence of electrocution resulting in death is
higher in all the countries such as UK/Europe, NZ or Australia using
230V/240V when compared to the US where 115/230V is used.


I've run into data on this time and time again. There is a large body of
data on electrical safety, and electrocution risks. Ranging from dangers of
different capacitor sizes to AC and DC electrocution risks. It boils down
to this. At 120V, the maximum current that can pass through the core of the
body with dry skin resistance is somewhat lower than the amount of current
required to cause the heart to go into fatal irregular rhythms. At somewhere
around 180V, the current just exceeds that which the heart can tolerate and by
the time you get to 240V, it always exceeds that which the heart can tolerate.
(assuming cross heart current paths)

As you climb up in voltage to the 400V range, you start to find the current
throws the victim from the contact, or burns away whatever makes contact. You
also find that the heart is so overwhelmed with the current that it just
flat out stops until the current is removed, and then it tends to restart with
normal rhythm. As a result the risk of death drops, but not enough so that one
would recommend being careless.

Just as an aside, in the US, I have worked with numerous electricians, and have
done a large amount of electrical work myself. I have never met an electrician
who would turn the power off for a routine outlet or switch change on 120V circuits.
Most, it seems would rather just replace the switch, or outlet, than to spend the
time trying to find the service panel, and the correct breaker to shut down
the branch circuit.

Do you see alot of that in 240V countries? NOPE! They know they will die if
they behave that way.



This death risk is to a large part the reason the European safety agencies are so
strict. We don't need to be *that* careful here in the US.



Does this imply that because US uses lower voltage that standards can
afford to be lower? Once skin resistance is overcome, even by 120V, a
helluva lot of current can flow through the body. In these cases it
makes little difference whether it is 120V or 240V doing the pushing.


The US standards *are* lower. We can afford to be, as there is no circumstance
where you can connect to 240V to earth ground. In the world 240V systems, one
side of the 240V line is earth grounded, so any contact with a hot lead is going
to potentially result in 240V passing through the body.

Taken to a logical extreme, the body core is very low resistance, all you need is
several volts connected subcutaneously to cause a fatal current flow through the
heart. As I understand it, people have electrocuted themselves with 12V car
batteries, but it requires a particular streak of bad luck to do so. (bad skin
punctures on both hands, etc...)


OBTW, The US and Canadian houses have only 2 voltages allowed: 120V, and 240V. That
isn't "so many".

In light industry, and commercial, two other voltages come up as a result of the
3 phase power: If you have 3 phase "Y" power with 120V legs to neutral, you also
get 208V between any pair of legs. If you have 3 phase "Y" power with 240V between
any two pairs of legs, you also get 138V to neutral which is often used for overhead
lighting in office buildings and factories.



Australian 3 phase system is Star Neutral and the phase - phase
voltage is nominally 415V with phase - Neutral being 240V.


Which is bad because any contact between the hot wire and ground
gives you 240V of potential to overcome your skin resistance.


One industry which would possibly produce a high rate of potentially
fatal electrocutions resulting in death would be the entertainment
(eg. rock bands etc) where equipment is continually being moved around
from venue to venue. I don't know of any electrocution deaths in this
industry recently in Australia and possibly that is because of the
high standards applied to such equipment. For example here is one
portable power distribution system for lighting which is used by
professional bands and it runs from 3 phase (415V star)
http://www.jands.com.au/jandsweb/lig...hub_hub24.html

If 240V (1 ph) is considered to be "too dangerous" then what do you
think of the hazard presented when using 415V?


Industrial power systems are vastly more dangerous than domestic systems.
Crane Trolleys and other such systems found in factories have exposed HV
rails in the ceiling area. In theory, only trained workers are supposed
to come anywhere near these hazards. In practice, sometimes trained workers
do stupid things.

-Chuck

I think we've strayed too far from toasters for this thread to continue.

Chuck Harris February 25th 05 02:29 PM

Eric Mackie wrote:
Thanks to all the people that replied to my posting.

I have a multi-meter so I tried taking voltage readings with it while
turning on the toaster. I didn't see any significant change in voltage. The
two brands of toaster that I am currently trying are a KitchenAid and a
Krupps. I thought the suggestion to try using the toaster at a friends house
was a good one, so I will try this next. I wonder if I get a so called
electronic toaster, if that might be a solution to my problem?

Thanks
Eric


If the voltage at the outlet stays nominally at 120V, than there is either
an operator error, or you have run into a bad string of luck with toasters
(pretty likely these days, actually)

Mechanical toasters have worked just fine for years and years. If you can
find one that is made right, it should work for you too.

The Electronic toasters are just the next stage in the evolution of the cheaper
toaster.... By cheaper, I mean for the manufacturer, not necessarily for the
consumer.

-Chuck

NSM February 25th 05 10:08 PM


"Chuck Harris" wrote in message
...

....
Just as an aside, in the US, I have worked with numerous electricians, and

have
done a large amount of electrical work myself. I have never met an

electrician
who would turn the power off for a routine outlet or switch change on 120V

circuits.
Most, it seems would rather just replace the switch, or outlet, than to

spend the
time trying to find the service panel, and the correct breaker to shut

down
the branch circuit.

Do you see a lot of that in 240V countries? NOPE! They know they will

die if
they behave that way.


Nonsense. We did it all the time. Try standing on a ladder outside the house
and splicing new conduit wires to the city's incoming power leads. Now do it
60+ feet in the air. You will be cautious, but it can be done. It's a matter
of careful concentration, not fear. A stack of dry newspaper is a wonderful
insulator.

N





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