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Metalworking (rec.crafts.metalworking) Discuss various aspects of working with metal, such as machining, welding, metal joining, screwing, casting, hardening/tempering, blacksmithing/forging, spinning and hammer work, sheet metal work. |
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Experience with quenching a red hot steel rod
Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to ask you if you have experienced or know of
any stories about a particular phenomenon when quenching a red hot steel rod in water. I have included repeated posting history below for reference. One post is from Mr. Kolesnik in mid-2005, followed by my response to that string when I discovered it. Then my two original posts follow that. If you know about this phenomenon, please respond to the group here. repeat Henry Kolesnik post on I don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, but if it's not please point me to the correct group. Back in the fifties I recall heating the end of a 20 inch long piece of 1 inch cold rolled steel bar stock in a blacksmith forge to red hot. On several occasions, instead of hammering the piece on an anvil I would plunge it into the water because someone asked me to do something else. On these occasions I noticed that the end that I was holding would seem to get much hotter faster when plunged versus when hammering on the piece. For some reason the heat traveled to the part I was holding faster when plunged versus being forged. Is there a scientific reason for what happened or has my memory deceived me? tnx repeat Henry Kolesnik post off my response to Henry's post on What an interesting and timely account given by Mr. Kolesnik, as I have experienced the same phenomenon. I recently posted in several physics newsgroups looking for an explanation after ~20 years of wondering about it. Responses have been sparse and mostly theoretical guesswork or conjectures (which I appreciate and consider), but without any experience of the phenomenon or knowledge of cases (my actual question). One respondent in sci.physics.research (p.kinsler) suggested that I try asking in an engineering newsgroup (he also mentioned hearing about "thermal inertia" being used to describe this phenomenon). I started doing that today and came across Mr. Kolesnik's account. So I will repeat my post below after a few comments. In response to a sci.physics respondent (tadchem, Tom Davidson), I would like to point out in the account I give below that the temperature measurement was differential with both hands starting at room temperature. He is generally right in saying "The human nervous system is a notoriously unreliable and impossible to calibrate sensor", especially with single-ended measurements (one hand). But the statement also implies an exaggeration to the exclusion of trusting what we sense as humans and trusting only modern test data. I see that Mr. Kolesnik experienced some of the same in his respondents, but in his case he repeatedly experienced the same phenomenon (I experienced it once), and neither of us fell of the potato truck yesterday. True, in modern life it is possible to measure the phenomenon with electronic instrumentation, and wouldn't that be nice to do. But such a thing requires some effort and costs, which also in modern times is generally not done without some chance of a payback on the investment. Such an experiment might be done when someone with authority over efforts and costs decides that maybe Mr. Kolesnik and I actually experienced something interesting, interesting enough to imagine a payback of some kind for their operation. Until then, the rest of us are stuck with our nervous systems to observe with our hand (differential is better) the heat spike produced when a steel rod with a red hot end is quenched. Like Mr. Kolesnik, it isn't the steam produced. my response to Henry's post off repeat my original post on As an example, from page 34 of http://web.mit.edu/2.151/www/Handouts/EnPwrFlow.pdf (other references easy to find) "Thermal Inductance: No significant physical phenomenon has been observed which corresponds to energy storage due to heat flow in a "thermal inductor". Thus only one thermal energy storage element, the thermal capacitance, is defined." and of course, we have thermal resistance. So it appears that thermal resistance and thermal capacitance but no thermal inductance phenomena have been observed. Does anyone know of any cases where thermal inductance has been observed? repeat my original post off repeat my second post on Thanks for your response (and Mikko Kiviranta's), as there have been very few in this (and other newsgroups). I am asking others about their knowledge of any cases of thermal inductance being observed, because it is one explanation for an event that I experienced about 20 years ago. I'll briefly describe the event. I was holding a 6 foot long piece of rebar (about 1/2" diameter steel rod, commonly used to reinforce concrete) at arms length while a friend I was helping was cutting it in half with an oxy-acetylene torch (I think steel melts at ~1400 C). It was cut in half and both ends were brightly red hot. After cutting, I moved my hands towards the ends to hold one 3 foot piece in each hand at the cool end. There was a D-shaped tank (about 12" wide, 3 feet long, 2 feet high, flat of D facing up) filled with water nearby, about 2 inches from the top. So I dipped one of the hot ends in the water gingerly a few times to cool it at about a 30 degree angle from the floor. I didn't want to make a lot of steam quickly, as I thought that rapid cooling might alter the metal somehow and my friend was going to weld the two pieces to a piece of angle iron afterwards. The steam ball made was about 4-6 inches in diameter at most as I recall. Within 15 seconds or so, the 3 foot rod I was cooling became so hot that I couldn't hold it anymore, so I dropped it into the tank. I was still holding the other rod in my other hand (still glowing red hot) and it was only slightly warm where I held it. I cooled it off too and we went about the next step of welding the two pieces to the angle iron. I do not have access to a torch or rebar to recreate the event since then, but I've often thought about what I experienced ever since. I wonder if I experienced thermal inductance, analogous to an inductive kick in electronics. I still wonder about it and would appreciate any considered explanations you may have (or others in this group). I looked into the case you state regarding the violation of the second law and found an interesting statement on page 144 of http://www.tu-harburg.de/mst/deutsch...f/kap6_eng.pdf that leads towards "extended irreversible thermodynamics" (I'm still reading on this). It notes the same thing you stated, and goes on to say: "Now we can only draw the conclusion that this effect is usually of no importance for us, but in no way we can conclude that there is no such thing like a thermal inductance. An apparent contradiction results between thermal inductance and the second law of the thermodynamics, which states the well known fact that entropy is always increasing. By this it is usually concluded, that a heat flow is directed along the gradient of temperature. On the other hand, due to the relation (see text) a constant heat flow can appear at a thermal inductance also if the temperature difference disappears, which apparently contradicts the statement of the second law of thermodynamics. The above consideration shows that the phenomenon of thermal inductance is of importance, if we consider a high-speed process, for example the heating by short-time laser pulses. Classical thermodynamics assumes slow changes, so that the system is in a quasi-stationary status. By inclusion of an additional state variable (i.e. the flux of energy), it is possible to introduce a definition of entropy, which is in accordance to the second law of thermodynamic, whereby the contradiction is eliminated. This theory is call extended irreversible thermodynamics." repeat my second post off |
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s.morra wrote:
I was holding a 6 foot long piece of rebar (about 1/2" diameter steel rod, ... Do you want a answer? But I might be wrong! If you put the hot bar into water, the water helps to transport the heat to the other end. Iron isn't such a good thermal conductor. Everyone welding knows how long you can hold a piece of steel in your hands just welded. Now this, is, ... well, I don't know! Just guessing: Also, it might be interesting to have a curve that shows thermal conductivity vs. temperature of steel. Does it degrease with temperature? There might be a "hidden secret", together with the water's thermal conductivity. Nick -- Motormodelle / Engine Models: http://www.motor-manufaktur.de Ellwe 2FB * VTM 87 * DLM-S3a * cubic more to come ... |
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"s.morra" asked a question about the concept of "thermal inductance," in an effort to explain a heating/cooling phenomenon. Since we know there is thermal resistance (the reciprocal of thermal conductivity,) and thermal capacitance (product of mass and specific heat,) it seems as though, by analogy, one should look for thermal inductance as well. The first thing to note, here, is that heat flow is described by the diffusion equation, while electrical phenomena obey the potential equation. These are two separate differential equations, so it does not surprise me nor trouble me that inductance is absent from all heat flow phenomena. I doubt that the fast heating of a quenched rod really happens. If it were a tube, I can attest that it does happen, because steam travels up the inside of the tube. Possibly, something like that can happen to a lesser degree on a solid bar, but I suspect that it is mostly psychological. It would not be hard to do a test. I have a torch, and I have a Fluke meter that can be hooked to a thermocouple. In fact, this would make an excellent science fair project, but I'm a little old for that. However, if there is enough interest, I would be willing to carry it out and report the results. |
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On Fri, 26 Aug 2005 15:09:05 -0500, "s.morra"
wrote: Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to ask you if you have experienced or know of any stories about a particular phenomenon when quenching a red hot steel rod in water. I have included repeated posting history below for reference. One post is from Mr. Kolesnik in mid-2005, followed by my response to that string when I discovered it. Then my two original posts follow that. If you know about this phenomenon, please respond to the group here. repeat Henry Kolesnik post on I don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, but if it's not please point me to the correct group. Back in the fifties I recall heating the end of a 20 inch long piece of 1 inch cold rolled steel bar stock in a blacksmith forge to red hot. On several occasions, instead of hammering the piece on an anvil I would plunge it into the water because someone asked me to do something else. On these occasions I noticed that the end that I was holding would seem to get much hotter faster when plunged versus when hammering on the piece. For some reason the heat traveled to the part I was holding faster when plunged versus being forged. Is there a scientific reason for what happened or has my memory deceived me? (snip) It's an illusion. If you heat two bars identically, then plunge one in a quenching bath while holding both, the rate of temperature increase at the ends you're holding will initally be about the same. Heat propagates thru a material at a rate determined by its thermal conductivity, specific heat and temperature gradient. . This process can be (has been) treated as a boundary value problem with partial differential equations. The illusion is caused by heat that is "on the way" from the heated end to the held end. Quenching the hot end still leaves a hot region in the middle, which will continue to propagate (now in both directions) thru the bar. Quenching the end does not instantly quench the middle, just as heating the end didn't instantly heat the middle. |
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"s.morra" wrote in message ... Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to ask you if you have experienced or know of any stories about a particular phenomenon when quenching a red hot steel rod in water. I have included repeated posting history below for reference. One post is from Mr. Kolesnik in mid-2005, followed by my response to that string when I discovered it. Then my two original posts follow that. If you know about this phenomenon, please respond to the group here. repeat Henry Kolesnik post on I don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, but if it's not please point me to the correct group. Back in the fifties I recall heating the end of a 20 inch long piece of 1 inch cold rolled steel bar stock in a blacksmith forge to red hot. On several occasions, instead of hammering the piece on an anvil I would plunge it into the water because someone asked me to do something else. On these occasions I noticed that the end that I was holding would seem to get much hotter faster when plunged versus when hammering on the piece. For some reason the heat traveled to the part I was holding faster when plunged versus being forged. Is there a scientific reason for what happened or has my memory deceived me? tnx repeat Henry Kolesnik post off my response to Henry's post on What an interesting and timely account given by Mr. Kolesnik, as I have experienced the same phenomenon. I recently posted in several physics newsgroups looking for an explanation after ~20 years of wondering about it. Responses have been sparse and mostly theoretical guesswork or conjectures (which I appreciate and consider), but without any experience of the phenomenon or knowledge of cases (my actual question). One respondent in sci.physics.research (p.kinsler) suggested that I try asking in an engineering newsgroup (he also mentioned hearing about "thermal inertia" being used to describe this phenomenon). I started doing that today and came across Mr. Kolesnik's account. So I will repeat my post below after a few comments. In response to a sci.physics respondent (tadchem, Tom Davidson), I would like to point out in the account I give below that the temperature measurement was differential with both hands starting at room temperature. He is generally right in saying "The human nervous system is a notoriously unreliable and impossible to calibrate sensor", especially with single-ended measurements (one hand). But the statement also implies an exaggeration to the exclusion of trusting what we sense as humans and trusting only modern test data. I see that Mr. Kolesnik experienced some of the same in his respondents, but in his case he repeatedly experienced the same phenomenon (I experienced it once), and neither of us fell of the potato truck yesterday. True, in modern life it is possible to measure the phenomenon with electronic instrumentation, and wouldn't that be nice to do. But such a thing requires some effort and costs, which also in modern times is generally not done without some chance of a payback on the investment. Such an experiment might be done when someone with authority over efforts and costs decides that maybe Mr. Kolesnik and I actually experienced something interesting, interesting enough to imagine a payback of some kind for their operation. Until then, the rest of us are stuck with our nervous systems to observe with our hand (differential is better) the heat spike produced when a steel rod with a red hot end is quenched. Like Mr. Kolesnik, it isn't the steam produced. my response to Henry's post off repeat my original post on As an example, from page 34 of http://web.mit.edu/2.151/www/Handouts/EnPwrFlow.pdf (other references easy to find) "Thermal Inductance: No significant physical phenomenon has been observed which corresponds to energy storage due to heat flow in a "thermal inductor". Thus only one thermal energy storage element, the thermal capacitance, is defined." and of course, we have thermal resistance. So it appears that thermal resistance and thermal capacitance but no thermal inductance phenomena have been observed. Does anyone know of any cases where thermal inductance has been observed? repeat my original post off repeat my second post on Thanks for your response (and Mikko Kiviranta's), as there have been very few in this (and other newsgroups). I am asking others about their knowledge of any cases of thermal inductance being observed, because it is one explanation for an event that I experienced about 20 years ago. I'll briefly describe the event. I was holding a 6 foot long piece of rebar (about 1/2" diameter steel rod, commonly used to reinforce concrete) at arms length while a friend I was helping was cutting it in half with an oxy-acetylene torch (I think steel melts at ~1400 C). It was cut in half and both ends were brightly red hot. After cutting, I moved my hands towards the ends to hold one 3 foot piece in each hand at the cool end. There was a D-shaped tank (about 12" wide, 3 feet long, 2 feet high, flat of D facing up) filled with water nearby, about 2 inches from the top. So I dipped one of the hot ends in the water gingerly a few times to cool it at about a 30 degree angle from the floor. I didn't want to make a lot of steam quickly, as I thought that rapid cooling might alter the metal somehow and my friend was going to weld the two pieces to a piece of angle iron afterwards. The steam ball made was about 4-6 inches in diameter at most as I recall. Within 15 seconds or so, the 3 foot rod I was cooling became so hot that I couldn't hold it anymore, so I dropped it into the tank. I was still holding the other rod in my other hand (still glowing red hot) and it was only slightly warm where I held it. I cooled it off too and we went about the next step of welding the two pieces to the angle iron. I do not have access to a torch or rebar to recreate the event since then, but I've often thought about what I experienced ever since. I wonder if I experienced thermal inductance, analogous to an inductive kick in electronics. I still wonder about it and would appreciate any considered explanations you may have (or others in this group). I looked into the case you state regarding the violation of the second law and found an interesting statement on page 144 of http://www.tu-harburg.de/mst/deutsch...f/kap6_eng.pdf that leads towards "extended irreversible thermodynamics" (I'm still reading on this). It notes the same thing you stated, and goes on to say: "Now we can only draw the conclusion that this effect is usually of no importance for us, but in no way we can conclude that there is no such thing like a thermal inductance. An apparent contradiction results between thermal inductance and the second law of the thermodynamics, which states the well known fact that entropy is always increasing. By this it is usually concluded, that a heat flow is directed along the gradient of temperature. On the other hand, due to the relation (see text) a constant heat flow can appear at a thermal inductance also if the temperature difference disappears, which apparently contradicts the statement of the second law of thermodynamics. The above consideration shows that the phenomenon of thermal inductance is of importance, if we consider a high-speed process, for example the heating by short-time laser pulses. Classical thermodynamics assumes slow changes, so that the system is in a quasi-stationary status. By inclusion of an additional state variable (i.e. the flux of energy), it is possible to introduce a definition of entropy, which is in accordance to the second law of thermodynamic, whereby the contradiction is eliminated. This theory is call extended irreversible thermodynamics." repeat my second post off I know exactly what you mean and you are right! The best explination I have heard is that the heat doesn't like the cold water and runs to the other end to get away. |
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On Sat, 27 Aug 2005 00:37:17 GMT, "Tom Gardner"
wrote: "s.morra" wrote in message ... Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to ask you if you have experienced or know of any stories about a particular phenomenon when quenching a red hot steel rod in water. I have included repeated posting history below for reference. One post is from Mr. Kolesnik in mid-2005, followed by my response to that string when I discovered it. Then my two original posts follow that. If you know about this phenomenon, please respond to the group here. repeat Henry Kolesnik post on I don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, but if it's not please point me to the correct group. Back in the fifties I recall heating the end of a 20 inch long piece of 1 inch cold rolled steel bar stock in a blacksmith forge to red hot. On several occasions, instead of hammering the piece on an anvil I would plunge it into the water because someone asked me to do something else. On these occasions I noticed that the end that I was holding would seem to get much hotter faster when plunged versus when hammering on the piece. For some reason the heat traveled to the part I was holding faster when plunged versus being forged. Is there a scientific reason for what happened or has my memory deceived me? tnx repeat Henry Kolesnik post off my response to Henry's post on What an interesting and timely account given by Mr. Kolesnik, as I have experienced the same phenomenon. I recently posted in several physics newsgroups looking for an explanation after ~20 years of wondering about it. Responses have been sparse and mostly theoretical guesswork or conjectures (which I appreciate and consider), but without any experience of the phenomenon or knowledge of cases (my actual question). One respondent in sci.physics.research (p.kinsler) suggested that I try asking in an engineering newsgroup (he also mentioned hearing about "thermal inertia" being used to describe this phenomenon). I started doing that today and came across Mr. Kolesnik's account. So I will repeat my post below after a few comments. In response to a sci.physics respondent (tadchem, Tom Davidson), I would like to point out in the account I give below that the temperature measurement was differential with both hands starting at room temperature. He is generally right in saying "The human nervous system is a notoriously unreliable and impossible to calibrate sensor", especially with single-ended measurements (one hand). But the statement also implies an exaggeration to the exclusion of trusting what we sense as humans and trusting only modern test data. I see that Mr. Kolesnik experienced some of the same in his respondents, but in his case he repeatedly experienced the same phenomenon (I experienced it once), and neither of us fell of the potato truck yesterday. True, in modern life it is possible to measure the phenomenon with electronic instrumentation, and wouldn't that be nice to do. But such a thing requires some effort and costs, which also in modern times is generally not done without some chance of a payback on the investment. Such an experiment might be done when someone with authority over efforts and costs decides that maybe Mr. Kolesnik and I actually experienced something interesting, interesting enough to imagine a payback of some kind for their operation. Until then, the rest of us are stuck with our nervous systems to observe with our hand (differential is better) the heat spike produced when a steel rod with a red hot end is quenched. Like Mr. Kolesnik, it isn't the steam produced. my response to Henry's post off repeat my original post on As an example, from page 34 of http://web.mit.edu/2.151/www/Handouts/EnPwrFlow.pdf (other references easy to find) "Thermal Inductance: No significant physical phenomenon has been observed which corresponds to energy storage due to heat flow in a "thermal inductor". Thus only one thermal energy storage element, the thermal capacitance, is defined." and of course, we have thermal resistance. So it appears that thermal resistance and thermal capacitance but no thermal inductance phenomena have been observed. Does anyone know of any cases where thermal inductance has been observed? repeat my original post off repeat my second post on Thanks for your response (and Mikko Kiviranta's), as there have been very few in this (and other newsgroups). I am asking others about their knowledge of any cases of thermal inductance being observed, because it is one explanation for an event that I experienced about 20 years ago. I'll briefly describe the event. I was holding a 6 foot long piece of rebar (about 1/2" diameter steel rod, commonly used to reinforce concrete) at arms length while a friend I was helping was cutting it in half with an oxy-acetylene torch (I think steel melts at ~1400 C). It was cut in half and both ends were brightly red hot. After cutting, I moved my hands towards the ends to hold one 3 foot piece in each hand at the cool end. There was a D-shaped tank (about 12" wide, 3 feet long, 2 feet high, flat of D facing up) filled with water nearby, about 2 inches from the top. So I dipped one of the hot ends in the water gingerly a few times to cool it at about a 30 degree angle from the floor. I didn't want to make a lot of steam quickly, as I thought that rapid cooling might alter the metal somehow and my friend was going to weld the two pieces to a piece of angle iron afterwards. The steam ball made was about 4-6 inches in diameter at most as I recall. Within 15 seconds or so, the 3 foot rod I was cooling became so hot that I couldn't hold it anymore, so I dropped it into the tank. I was still holding the other rod in my other hand (still glowing red hot) and it was only slightly warm where I held it. I cooled it off too and we went about the next step of welding the two pieces to the angle iron. I do not have access to a torch or rebar to recreate the event since then, but I've often thought about what I experienced ever since. I wonder if I experienced thermal inductance, analogous to an inductive kick in electronics. I still wonder about it and would appreciate any considered explanations you may have (or others in this group). I looked into the case you state regarding the violation of the second law and found an interesting statement on page 144 of http://www.tu-harburg.de/mst/deutsch...f/kap6_eng.pdf that leads towards "extended irreversible thermodynamics" (I'm still reading on this). It notes the same thing you stated, and goes on to say: "Now we can only draw the conclusion that this effect is usually of no importance for us, but in no way we can conclude that there is no such thing like a thermal inductance. An apparent contradiction results between thermal inductance and the second law of the thermodynamics, which states the well known fact that entropy is always increasing. By this it is usually concluded, that a heat flow is directed along the gradient of temperature. On the other hand, due to the relation (see text) a constant heat flow can appear at a thermal inductance also if the temperature difference disappears, which apparently contradicts the statement of the second law of thermodynamics. The above consideration shows that the phenomenon of thermal inductance is of importance, if we consider a high-speed process, for example the heating by short-time laser pulses. Classical thermodynamics assumes slow changes, so that the system is in a quasi-stationary status. By inclusion of an additional state variable (i.e. the flux of energy), it is possible to introduce a definition of entropy, which is in accordance to the second law of thermodynamic, whereby the contradiction is eliminated. This theory is call extended irreversible thermodynamics." repeat my second post off I know exactly what you mean and you are right! The best explination I have heard is that the heat doesn't like the cold water and runs to the other end to get away. So if you placed the solid hot bar on two plastic 5 gallon buckets full of water, then the ensuing stampedes of excited and scared molecules would run into each other and generate even more heat than the observed phenomenon? I would think that they would go willingly to the dark medium. |
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Sunworshipper wrote:
then the ensuing stampedes of excited and scared molecules would run into each other and generate even more heat than the observed phenomenon? Yes, and the bar will melt in the middle! With this trick you can melt the thickest rods just with two cigarette lighters and two buckets of ice water. Nick -- Motormodelle / Engine Models: http://www.motor-manufaktur.de Ellwe 2FB * VTM 87 * DLM-S3a * cubic more to come ... |
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On Fri, 26 Aug 2005 15:09:05 -0500, "s.morra"
wrote: Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to ask you if you have experienced or know of any stories about a particular phenomenon when quenching a red hot steel rod in water. I have included repeated posting history below for reference. One post is from Mr. Kolesnik in mid-2005, followed by my response to that string when I discovered it. Then my two original posts follow that. If you know about this phenomenon, please respond to the group here. repeat Henry Kolesnik post on I don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, but if it's not please point me to the correct group. Back in the fifties I recall heating the end of a 20 inch long piece of 1 inch cold rolled steel bar stock in a blacksmith forge to red hot. On several occasions, instead of hammering the piece on an anvil I would plunge it into the water because someone asked me to do something else. On these occasions I noticed that the end that I was holding would seem to get much hotter faster when plunged versus when hammering on the piece. For some reason the heat traveled to the part I was holding faster when plunged versus being forged. Is there a scientific reason for what happened or has my memory deceived me? tnx repeat Henry Kolesnik post off my response to Henry's post on What an interesting and timely account given by Mr. Kolesnik, as I have experienced the same phenomenon. I recently posted in several physics newsgroups looking for an explanation after ~20 years of wondering about it. Responses have been sparse and mostly theoretical guesswork or conjectures (which I appreciate and consider), but without any experience of the phenomenon or knowledge of cases (my actual question). One respondent in sci.physics.research (p.kinsler) suggested that I try asking in an engineering newsgroup (he also mentioned hearing about "thermal inertia" being used to describe this phenomenon). I started doing that today and came across Mr. Kolesnik's account. So I will repeat my post below after a few comments. In response to a sci.physics respondent (tadchem, Tom Davidson), I would like to point out in the account I give below that the temperature measurement was differential with both hands starting at room temperature. He is generally right in saying "The human nervous system is a notoriously unreliable and impossible to calibrate sensor", especially with single-ended measurements (one hand). But the statement also implies an exaggeration to the exclusion of trusting what we sense as humans and trusting only modern test data. I see that Mr. Kolesnik experienced some of the same in his respondents, but in his case he repeatedly experienced the same phenomenon (I experienced it once), and neither of us fell of the potato truck yesterday. True, in modern life it is possible to measure the phenomenon with electronic instrumentation, and wouldn't that be nice to do. But such a thing requires some effort and costs, which also in modern times is generally not done without some chance of a payback on the investment. Such an experiment might be done when someone with authority over efforts and costs decides that maybe Mr. Kolesnik and I actually experienced something interesting, interesting enough to imagine a payback of some kind for their operation. Until then, the rest of us are stuck with our nervous systems to observe with our hand (differential is better) the heat spike produced when a steel rod with a red hot end is quenched. Like Mr. Kolesnik, it isn't the steam produced. my response to Henry's post off repeat my original post on As an example, from page 34 of http://web.mit.edu/2.151/www/Handouts/EnPwrFlow.pdf (other references easy This author needed a thermal inductance to fix a problem with a formula that was an approximation to begin with. He nowhere proves the existance of a relationship where temperature is proportiional to the time derivative of heat flow. He merely describes how such a thing would behave if there were such a thing, and then how it would make his math work the way he wants it to. Others have said they also believe in this phenomonon, but well golly they were really too busy to actually validate it with instrumentation. What *is* proven here, is that faith conquers all -- even thermodynamics! |
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The heat moving to the other end is a technique used to heat treat
carbon tool steel tooling such as lathe tool bits. You heat the working end to cherry red, then plunge the first inch into water, then remove the piece. The heat from the opposite end that was not quenched travels back into the quenched end to temper it. On larger pieces these two steps must be done individually, but on small pieces the remaining heat is enough to reach the 400 degrees needed for tempering. |
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